WMI 性能不佳

Question

我用 C# 编写了一个代码，它使用 WMI (System.Management) 将逻辑驱动器映射到它们的物理磁盘。 代码运行良好，但速度很慢。 在我的机器（Windows 7 x64，双核，3 GB RAM）中，它运行至少 1 秒。 1秒对我来说太慢了，即使是0.1也足以完成。 我非常痛心的是，这个功能可以在不到 0.1 秒的时间内完成。

是否有任何 Win32API 函数可以提供帮助？

还有其他建议吗？

这是我目前的代码：

List<Dictionary<string, string>> results = new List<Dictionary<string, string>>();

using (ManagementClass diskDriveClass = new ManagementClass(@"Win32_Diskdrive"))
{
    using (ManagementObjectCollection diskDrives = diskDriveClass.GetInstances())
    {
        foreach (ManagementObject diskDrive in diskDrives)
        {
            string deviceId = (string)diskDrive["DeviceId"];
            Dictionary<string, string> logicalDisksResults = new Dictionary<string, string>();
            Trace.WriteLine(deviceId);

            using (ManagementObjectCollection relatedPartitions = diskDrive.GetRelated("Win32_DiskPartition"))
            {
                foreach (ManagementObject relatedPartition in relatedPartitions)
                {
                    Trace.WriteLine("-\t" + relatedPartition["Name"]);

                    using (ManagementObjectCollection relatedLogicalDisks = relatedPartition.GetRelated("Win32_LogicalDisk"))
                    {
                        foreach (ManagementBaseObject relatedLogicalDisk in
                        relatedLogicalDisks)
                        {
                            Trace.WriteLine("\t-\t" + relatedLogicalDisk["Name"] + " " + relatedLogicalDisk["FileSystem"]);
                            logicalDisksResults.Add((string)relatedLogicalDisk["Name"], (string)relatedLogicalDisk["FileSystem"]);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            results.Add(logicalDisksResults);
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

这里有一些代码至少在我的系统上运行得更快（从客观的角度来看）并给出相同的结果。由于驱动器列表几乎不可能每秒更改，我不确定您为什么如此关心，但无论如何，看看这是否让您更快乐。您可以通过删除在开始时获取 Win32_DiskDrive 的代码来稍微加快它，但祝它在 0.1 秒内运行 :)

Dictionary> 结果 = new Dictionary>(); ManagementClass diskPartMap = null; ManagementObjectCollection diskPartIns = null; ManagementClass partLogicalMap = null; ManagementObjectCollection partLogicalIns = null; 尝试 { 使用 (ManagementClass diskDriveClass = new ManagementClass("Win32_Diskdrive")) { 使用 (ManagementObjectCollection diskDrives = diskDriveClass.GetInstances()) { foreach（磁盘驱动器中的管理对象磁盘驱动器） { results.Add((string)diskDrive["DeviceId"], new Dictionary()); } } } Dictionary partToDisk = new Dictionary(); Dictionary partToLogical = new Dictionary(); diskPartMap = new ManagementClass("Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition"); diskPartIns = diskPartMap.GetInstances(); foreach（diskPartIns 中的 ManagementObject diskDrive） { ManagementObject o = new ManagementObject((string)diskDrive["Antecedent"]); partToDisk.Add((string)diskDrive["Dependent"], o); } partLogicalMap = new ManagementClass("Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition"); partLogicalIns = partLogicalMap.GetInstances(); foreach（部分LogicalIns中的ManagementObject diskDrive） { ManagementObject o = new ManagementObject((string)diskDrive["Dependent"]); string s = (string)diskDrive["Antecedent"]; partToLogical.Add(s, o); } foreach（partToDisk 中的 KeyValuePair 对） { string deviceId = (string)pair.Value["DeviceId"]; 字典 dict = null; if (!results.ContainsKey(deviceId)) { dict = new Dictionary(); 结果[deviceId] = 字典； } 别的 { dict = 结果[deviceId]; } if (partToLogical.ContainsKey(pair.Key)) { ManagementObject o = partToLogical[pair.Key]; dict.Add((string)o["Name"], (string)o["FileSystem"]); } } } 最后 { if (diskPartIns != null) { diskPartIns.Dispose(); diskPartIns = null; } if (diskPartMap != null) { diskPartMap.Dispose(); 磁盘部分映射 = 空； } if (partLogicalIns != null) { partLogicalIns.Dispose(); partLogicalIns = null; } if (partLogicalMap != null) { partLogicalMap.Dispose(); 部分逻辑映射=空； } }

Answer 2

这是我的最终代码，比第一个版本快 x23，基于使用 Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition 的暴君想法。

    private static Regex _logicalDiskNameRegex = new Regex("(?<=\")[^\"]*(?=\")");
    private static Regex _partitionDiskIndexRegex = new Regex("(?<=\"Disk #)\\d+");

    public static Dictionary<string, string>[] GetPhisicalHardDiskToDriveLettersMap()
    {
        DriveInfo[] driveInfoArr = DriveInfo.GetDrives();

        DriveInfo lastDriveInfo = null;
        Dictionary<string, DriveInfo> driveInfos = new Dictionary<string, DriveInfo>(driveInfoArr.Length);

        foreach (DriveInfo driveInfo in driveInfoArr)
        {
            if (driveInfo.DriveType == DriveType.Fixed)
            {
                driveInfos.Add(driveInfo.Name.Substring(0, 2), driveInfo);
                lastDriveInfo = driveInfo;
            }
        }

        if (driveInfos.Count == 1 && lastDriveInfo != null)
        {
            return new Dictionary<string, string>[]
        {
            new Dictionary<string, string>()
            {
                {lastDriveInfo.Name.Substring(0, 2), lastDriveInfo.DriveFormat}
            }
        };
        }

        Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> results = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>>();

        using (ManagementClass partLogicalMap = new ManagementClass("Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition"))
        {
            using (ManagementObjectCollection partLogicalIns = partLogicalMap.GetInstances())
            {
                foreach (ManagementObject diskDrive in partLogicalIns)
                {
                    bool lazySuccess = false;

                    string driveName = null;
                    string driveFileSystem = null;
                    string physicalHardDisk = null;

                    string logicalDiskPath = (string)diskDrive["Dependent"];
                    string partitionPath = (string)diskDrive["Antecedent"];
                    Trace.WriteLine(logicalDiskPath);
                    Trace.WriteLine(partitionPath);

                    Match logicalDiskNameMatch = _logicalDiskNameRegex.Match(logicalDiskPath);

                    if (logicalDiskNameMatch.Success)
                    {
                        Match partitionDiskIndexMatch = _partitionDiskIndexRegex.Match(partitionPath);

                        if (partitionDiskIndexMatch.Success)
                        {
                            try
                            {
                                driveName = logicalDiskNameMatch.Value;

                                physicalHardDisk = partitionDiskIndexMatch.Value;
                                driveFileSystem = driveInfos[driveName].DriveFormat;
                                lazySuccess = true;
                            }
                            catch (Exception ex)
                            {
                                Trace.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (!lazySuccess)
                    {
                        // old good code but less performance, to be on the safe side if lazy method fails.
                        ManagementObject logicalDiskObject = new ManagementObject(logicalDiskPath);
                        ManagementObject partitionObject = new ManagementObject(partitionPath);

                        driveName = (string)logicalDiskObject["Name"];
                        driveFileSystem = (string)logicalDiskObject["FileSystem"];
                        physicalHardDisk = partitionObject["DiskIndex"].ToString();
                    }

                    Dictionary<string, string> hardDiskDrives;

                    if (!results.TryGetValue(physicalHardDisk, out hardDiskDrives))
                    {
                        hardDiskDrives = new Dictionary<string, string>();
                        results.Add(physicalHardDisk, hardDiskDrives);
                    }

                    hardDiskDrives.Add(driveName, driveFileSystem);
                }
            }
        }

        return ToArray(results.Values);
    }

Answer 3

我发现最好的方法是从 4 个类中的每一个中获取完整数据，然后加入 LINQ 以尽量减少对 WMI 服务的影响（因为它在负载下很慢）。

一开始你可能认为这听起来很可怕，但请测试一下，看看我在说什么。

Answer 4

请参阅this article（带有代码示例）关于 GetLogicalDrives、GetLogicalDriveStrings、GetDriveType 和 GetVolumeInformation

要查找物理驱动器，你可以使用FindFirstVolume和FindNextVolume（我得到“\.\Device{uiid}”。结合GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW来获取相关的驱动器号。然后你可以得到你的信息想要使用上述 API。 如果您需要分区/磁盘编号，请参阅DeviceIoControl 以获取该信息

我认为您需要代码中 results 中的内容。