如何从这种图像中删除背景？

Question

我想删除此图像的背景以仅获取此人。我有一千张这样的图片，基本上是一个人和一个有点发白的背景。

我所做的是使用像 canny 边缘检测器或 sobel 过滤器（来自 skimage 库）这样的边缘检测器。然后我认为可以做的是，将边缘内的像素变白，将边缘内的像素变黑。之后，可以对原始图像进行蒙版，只得到人的照片。

但是，使用 canny 边缘检测器很难获得封闭边界。使用 Sobel 过滤器的结果还不错，但我不知道如何从那里着手。

编辑：

是否也可以去除右手和裙子之间以及头发之间的背景？

Answer 1

以下代码应该可以帮助您入门。您可能想要使用程序顶部的参数来微调您的提取：

import cv2
import numpy as np

#== Parameters =======================================================================
BLUR = 21
CANNY_THRESH_1 = 10
CANNY_THRESH_2 = 200
MASK_DILATE_ITER = 10
MASK_ERODE_ITER = 10
MASK_COLOR = (0.0,0.0,1.0) # In BGR format


#== Processing =======================================================================

#-- Read image -----------------------------------------------------------------------
img = cv2.imread('C:/Temp/person.jpg')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

#-- Edge detection -------------------------------------------------------------------
edges = cv2.Canny(gray, CANNY_THRESH_1, CANNY_THRESH_2)
edges = cv2.dilate(edges, None)
edges = cv2.erode(edges, None)

#-- Find contours in edges, sort by area ---------------------------------------------
contour_info = []
_, contours, _ = cv2.findContours(edges, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
# Previously, for a previous version of cv2, this line was: 
#  contours, _ = cv2.findContours(edges, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
# Thanks to notes from commenters, I've updated the code but left this note
for c in contours:
    contour_info.append((
        c,
        cv2.isContourConvex(c),
        cv2.contourArea(c),
    ))
contour_info = sorted(contour_info, key=lambda c: c[2], reverse=True)
max_contour = contour_info[0]

#-- Create empty mask, draw filled polygon on it corresponding to largest contour ----
# Mask is black, polygon is white
mask = np.zeros(edges.shape)
cv2.fillConvexPoly(mask, max_contour[0], (255))

#-- Smooth mask, then blur it --------------------------------------------------------
mask = cv2.dilate(mask, None, iterations=MASK_DILATE_ITER)
mask = cv2.erode(mask, None, iterations=MASK_ERODE_ITER)
mask = cv2.GaussianBlur(mask, (BLUR, BLUR), 0)
mask_stack = np.dstack([mask]*3)    # Create 3-channel alpha mask

#-- Blend masked img into MASK_COLOR background --------------------------------------
mask_stack  = mask_stack.astype('float32') / 255.0          # Use float matrices, 
img         = img.astype('float32') / 255.0                 #  for easy blending

masked = (mask_stack * img) + ((1-mask_stack) * MASK_COLOR) # Blend
masked = (masked * 255).astype('uint8')                     # Convert back to 8-bit 

cv2.imshow('img', masked)                                   # Display
cv2.waitKey()

#cv2.imwrite('C:/Temp/person-masked.jpg', masked)           # Save

输出：

Answer 2

如果您希望不使用红色填充背景而是使其透明，您可以在解决方案中添加以下行：

# split image into channels
c_red, c_green, c_blue = cv2.split(img)

# merge with mask got on one of a previous steps
img_a = cv2.merge((c_red, c_green, c_blue, mask.astype('float32') / 255.0))

# show on screen (optional in jupiter)
%matplotlib inline
plt.imshow(img_a)
plt.show()

# save to disk
cv2.imwrite('girl_1.png', img_a*255)

# or the same using plt
plt.imsave('girl_2.png', img_a)

如果您愿意，可以调整一些 png 压缩参数以使文件更小。

下面的白色背景上的图像。或者黑色的 - http://imgur.com/a/4NwmH

Answer 3

作为替代方案，您可以使用像这样的神经网络：CRFRNN。

结果如下：

Answer 4

• 在获得不完整的边缘（如您所拥有的）后，您可以运行闭合形态（一系列扩张和侵蚀）（必须根据边缘的需要/状态设置大小和迭代）。

1234563对象的内部。

Answer 5

vs2017 的工作示例。
设置红色背景但保存蓝色..
还添加了透明的例子。

我怎样才能去除女孩的身体，只留下照片中的裙子？ 有什么想法吗？

# == https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29313667/how-do-i-remove-the-background-from-this-kind-of-image

import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

#== Parameters =======================================================================
BLUR = 21
CANNY_THRESH_1 = 10
CANNY_THRESH_2 = 200
MASK_DILATE_ITER = 10
MASK_ERODE_ITER = 10
MASK_COLOR = (0.0,0.0,1.0) # In BGR format


#== Processing =======================================================================

#-- Read image -----------------------------------------------------------------------
img = cv2.imread('img/SYxmp.jpg')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

#-- Edge detection -------------------------------------------------------------------
edges = cv2.Canny(gray, CANNY_THRESH_1, CANNY_THRESH_2)
edges = cv2.dilate(edges, None)
edges = cv2.erode(edges, None)

#-- Find contours in edges, sort by area ---------------------------------------------
contour_info = []
_, contours, _ = cv2.findContours(edges, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
for c in contours:
    contour_info.append((
        c,
        cv2.isContourConvex(c),
        cv2.contourArea(c),
    ))
contour_info = sorted(contour_info, key=lambda c: c[2], reverse=True)
max_contour = contour_info[0]

#-- Create empty mask, draw filled polygon on it corresponding to largest contour ----
# Mask is black, polygon is white
mask = np.zeros(edges.shape)
cv2.fillConvexPoly(mask, max_contour[0], (255))



#-- Smooth mask, then blur it --------------------------------------------------------
mask = cv2.dilate(mask, None, iterations=MASK_DILATE_ITER)
mask = cv2.erode(mask, None, iterations=MASK_ERODE_ITER)
mask = cv2.GaussianBlur(mask, (BLUR, BLUR), 0)

mask_stack = np.dstack([mask]*3)    # Create 3-channel alpha mask

#-- Blend masked img into MASK_COLOR background --------------------------------------
mask_stack  = mask_stack.astype('float32') / 255.0          # Use float matrices, 
img         = img.astype('float32') / 255.0                 #  for easy blending

masked = (mask_stack * img) + ((1-mask_stack) * MASK_COLOR) # Blend
masked = (masked * 255).astype('uint8')                     # Convert back to 8-bit 

plt.imsave('img/girl_blue.png', masked)
# split image into channels
c_red, c_green, c_blue = cv2.split(img)

# merge with mask got on one of a previous steps
img_a = cv2.merge((c_red, c_green, c_blue, mask.astype('float32') / 255.0))

# show on screen (optional in jupiter)
#%matplotlib inline
plt.imshow(img_a)
plt.show()

# save to disk
cv2.imwrite('img/girl_1.png', img_a*255)

# or the same using plt
plt.imsave('img/girl_2.png', img_a)

cv2.imshow('img', masked)                                   # Displays red, saves blue

cv2.waitKey()

Answer 6

根据@jedwards 的回答，与opencv4 一起使用时，会出现这个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "save.py", line 26, in <module>
    _, contours, _ = cv2.findContours(edges, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 2)

函数cv2.findContours() 已更改为仅返回轮廓和层次结构

你应该改成这样：

contours, _ = cv2.findContours(edges, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)