你如何在 Heroku 上运行 rspec 和 cucumber？答案

【问题标题】：How do you run rspec and cucumber on Heroku?你如何在 Heroku 上运行 rspec 和 cucumber？
【发布时间】：2011-09-02 12:35:18
【问题描述】：

我希望能够在 Heroku 上的暂存应用程序上运行 rspec 和 cucumber。我有一个单独的生产应用程序，我将我的开发分支推送到暂存，并将我的主分支推送到生产。

我已将 RACK_ENV 变量设置为“staging”，并且还添加了一个 staging.rb 配置文件。

在本地运行 rspec 和 cucumber：

rspec 和 cucumber 使用命令在本地运行良好

$ rspec spec

$ cucumber features

在 Heroku staging 应用上运行 rspec

问题是我无法让它们在我的 Heroku 登台应用程序上运行。我了解在 Heroku 上进行 rspec 的正确方法是：

$ heroku rake spec --remote staging

每当我运行它时，我都会收到以下错误：

rake aborted!
You have a nil object when you didn't expect it!
You might have expected an instance of Array.
The error occurred while evaluating nil.[]
/app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.7/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:429:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:634:in `call'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:634:in `block in execute'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:629:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:629:in `execute'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:595:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:588:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:605:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:594:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:588:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:581:in `invoke'
/app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.7/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:460:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:634:in `call'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:634:in `block in execute'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:629:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:629:in `execute'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:595:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:588:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:605:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:594:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:588:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:581:in `invoke'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2041:in `invoke_task'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2019:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2019:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2019:in `block in top_level'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2058:in `standard_exception_handling'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2013:in `top_level'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:1992:in `run'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/bin/rake:31:in `<main>'
(in /app)

在 Heroku staging 应用上运行 cucumber

同样：

$ heroku rake cucumber --remote staging

结果：

rake aborted!
You have a nil object when you didn't expect it!
You might have expected an instance of Array.
The error occurred while evaluating nil.[]
/app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.7/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:429:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:634:in `call'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:634:in `block in execute'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:629:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:629:in `execute'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:595:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:588:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:605:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:594:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:588:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:581:in `invoke'
/app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.7/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:460:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:634:in `call'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:634:in `block in execute'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:629:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:629:in `execute'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:595:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:588:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:605:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:594:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:588:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:605:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:602:in `invoke_prerequisites'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:594:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:588:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:581:in `invoke'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2041:in `invoke_task'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2019:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2019:in `each'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2019:in `block in top_level'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2058:in `standard_exception_handling'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:2013:in `top_level'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rake.rb:1992:in `run'
/usr/ruby1.9.2/bin/rake:31:in `<main>'
(in /app)

这个问题显然与数据库有关，但我不确定如何解决。

【问题讨论】：

您的database.yml 中有staging 的设置吗？
您能解释一下为什么要在 Heroku 上运行这些程序吗？这不一定是个坏主意，因为您的开发平台可能会有所不同，但我只是想知道您的想法是什么，因为大多数人只会在本地和持续集成环境（例如 Hudson）中运行它们。
嗨，Thomas，考虑到与 Heroku 的细微差别 - 与外部服务的连接不同，数据库不同；我想在那里运行测试以确保一切都按预期工作。

标签： ruby-on-rails rspec heroku cucumber

【解决方案1】：

问题在于测试使用一个单独的数据库，而不是运行应用程序的那个。您在 Heroku 上没有的第二个数据库。有关类似问题的答案，请参阅 Running Rails unit tests on Heroku。

【讨论】：

谢谢你。如果只是在 heroku 上使用了一个单独的实例，你可以只使用该实例上的生产数据库进行测试吗？
您可以创建一个单独的实例进行测试，将 RACK_ENV 设置为“测试”，然后使用生产数据库（请参阅stackoverflow.com/questions/5981508/…），但要小心，运行测试会擦除数据库每次运行时都要清理。