Curve_Fit 的结果关闭

Question

我正在尝试使用非线性参数估计从论文中重现一些结果，但是，问题是当我使用 curve_fit 时，我得到的只是一个 1 的数组，而不是任何接近我应该得到的结果。

我已经包含了一个最小的工作示例来说明我得到了什么以及实际结果：

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit

xdata = np.array([0.00, 27.01,84.15,134.66,178.74,217.00,250.20,279.06,304.24, 
                  326.29,346.71,362.87,378.13,391.75,403.96,414.96])

ydata = np.array([0.00,440.00,933.00,1154.00,1226.00,1222.00,1185.00,
                 1134.00,1081.00,1031.00,984.00,942.00,904.00,870.00,840.00,814.00])

# Non-Linear Estimation Function
def func(V,A,d):
    return A*V*exp(-1*d*V)

popt, pcov = curve_fit(func,xdata,ydata)

popt
array([1., 1.])

我应该得到的实际结果如下：

param = estimate (standard err)
A = 17.6 (0.132)
d = 5.27 x 10^-3 (2.61 x 10^-5)

Answer 1

如果没有提供，Scipy;s curve_fit() 例程使用所有 1.0 值进行初始参数估计。如果curve_fit() 不能对初始参数估计进行任何改进，它只会返回它们——这就是为什么你得到所有1.0 的“拟合”参数值的原因。这是一个带有您的数据和方程的图形 Python 拟合器，使用 scipy 的差分进化遗传算法模块为非线性拟合器提供初始参数估计。该 scipy 模块使用拉丁超立方算法来确保彻底搜索参数空间，这需要搜索范围。在此示例中，这些界限是从数据最大值和最小值得出的。请注意，为参数提供 范围 比提供特定值要容易得多。

import numpy, scipy, matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
from scipy.optimize import differential_evolution
import warnings

x = [0.00, 27.01,84.15,134.66,178.74,217.00,250.20,279.06,304.24, 
                  326.29,346.71,362.87,378.13,391.75,403.96,414.96]

y = [0.00,440.00,933.00,1154.00,1226.00,1222.00,1185.00,
                 1134.00,1081.00,1031.00,984.00,942.00,904.00,870.00,840.00,814.00]

xData = numpy.array(x, dtype=float)
yData = numpy.array(y, dtype=float)


# Non-Linear Estimation Function
def func(V,A,d):
    return A*V*numpy.exp(-1.0*d*V)


# function for genetic algorithm to minimize (sum of squared error)
def sumOfSquaredError(parameterTuple):
    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") # do not print warnings by genetic algorithm
    val = func(xData, *parameterTuple)
    return numpy.sum((yData - val) ** 2.0)


def generate_Initial_Parameters():
    # min and max used for bounds
    maxX = max(xData)
    minX = min(xData)
    #maxY = max(yData)
    #minY = min(yData)

    parameterBounds = []
    parameterBounds.append([minX, maxX/10.0]) # search bounds for A
    parameterBounds.append([minX, maxX/10.0]) # search bounds for d

    # "seed" the numpy random number generator for repeatable results
    result = differential_evolution(sumOfSquaredError, parameterBounds, seed=3)
    return result.x

# by default, differential_evolution completes by calling curve_fit() using parameter bounds
geneticParameters = generate_Initial_Parameters()

# now call curve_fit without passing bounds from the genetic algorithm,
# just in case the best fit parameters are aoutside those bounds
fittedParameters, pcov = curve_fit(func, xData, yData, geneticParameters)
print('Fitted parameters:', fittedParameters)
print()

modelPredictions = func(xData, *fittedParameters) 

absError = modelPredictions - yData

SE = numpy.square(absError) # squared errors
MSE = numpy.mean(SE) # mean squared errors
RMSE = numpy.sqrt(MSE) # Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE
Rsquared = 1.0 - (numpy.var(absError) / numpy.var(yData))

print()
print('RMSE:', RMSE)
print('R-squared:', Rsquared)

print()


##########################################################
# graphics output section
def ModelAndScatterPlot(graphWidth, graphHeight):
    f = plt.figure(figsize=(graphWidth/100.0, graphHeight/100.0), dpi=100)
    axes = f.add_subplot(111)

    # first the raw data as a scatter plot
    axes.plot(xData, yData,  'D')

    # create data for the fitted equation plot
    xModel = numpy.linspace(min(xData), max(xData))
    yModel = func(xModel, *fittedParameters)

    # now the model as a line plot
    axes.plot(xModel, yModel)

    axes.set_xlabel('X Data') # X axis data label
    axes.set_ylabel('Y Data') # Y axis data label

    plt.show()
    plt.close('all') # clean up after using pyplot

graphWidth = 800
graphHeight = 600
ModelAndScatterPlot(graphWidth, graphHeight)