[Statsmodels]：如何让 statsmodels 返回 OLD 对象的值？答案

【问题标题】：[Statsmodels]: How can I get statsmodel to return the pvalue of an OLS object?[Statsmodels]：如何让 statsmodels 返回 OLD 对象的值？
【发布时间】：2018-01-26 05:05:00
【问题描述】：

我对编程很陌生，我正在学习 Python 以熟悉数据分析和机器学习。

我正在学习关于多元线性回归的反向消除的教程。这是现在的代码：

# Importing the libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd

# Importing the dataset
dataset = pd.read_csv('50_Startups.csv')
X = dataset.iloc[:, :-1].values
y = dataset.iloc[:, 4].values

#Taking care of missin' data
#np.set_printoptions(threshold=100) 
from sklearn.preprocessing import Imputer
imputer = Imputer(missing_values = 'NaN', strategy = 'mean', axis = 0)
imputer = imputer.fit(X[:, 1:3])
X[:, 1:3] = imputer.transform(X[:, 1:3]) 

#Encoding categorical data
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder, OneHotEncoder
labelEncoder_X = LabelEncoder()
X[:, 3] = labelEncoder_X.fit_transform(X[:, 3])
onehotecnoder = OneHotEncoder(categorical_features = [3])
X = onehotecnoder.fit_transform(X).toarray()

#Avoid the Dummy Variables Trap
X = X[:, 1:]

#Splitting data in train and test
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size = 0.25, random_state = 0)

#Fitting multiple Linear Regression to Training set
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
regressor = LinearRegression()
regressor.fit(X_train, y_train)

#Predict Test set
regressor = regressor.predict(X_test)

#Building the optimal model using Backward Elimination
import statsmodels.formula.api as sm
a = 0
b = 0
a, b = X.shape
X = np.append(arr = np.ones((a, 1)).astype(int), values = X, axis = 1)
print (X.shape)

X_optimal = X[:,[0,1,2,3,4,5]]
regressor_OLS = sm.OLS(endog = y, exog = X_optimal).fit()
regressor_OLS.summary()
X_optimal = X[:,[0,1,3,4,5]]
regressor_OLS = sm.OLS(endog = y, exog = X_optimal).fit()
regressor_OLS.summary()
X_optimal = X[:,[0,3,4,5]]
regressor_OLS = sm.OLS(endog = y, exog = X_optimal).fit()
regressor_OLS.summary()
X_optimal = X[:,[0,3,5]]
regressor_OLS = sm.OLS(endog = y, exog = X_optimal).fit()
regressor_OLS.summary()
X_optimal = X[:,[0,3]]
regressor_OLS = sm.OLS(endog = y, exog = X_optimal).fit()
regressor_OLS.summary()

现在，执行消除的方式对我来说似乎真的很手动，我想自动化它。为了做到这一点，我想知道是否有办法让我以某种方式返回回归量的 pvalue（例如，如果在 statsmodels 中有一种方法可以做到这一点）。这样我想我应该能够循环 X_optimal 数组的特征，看看 pvalue 是否大于我的 SL 并消除它。

谢谢！

【问题讨论】：

标签： python machine-learning data-analysis statsmodels

【解决方案1】：

感谢 Keith 的回答，只需对 Keith 的循环进行一些小修复以使其更高效：

sigLevel = 0.05
X_opt = X[:,[0,1,2,3,4,5]]
regressor_OLS = sm.OLS(endog = y, exog = X_opt).fit()
pVals = regressor_OLS.pvalues

while pVals[np.argmax(pVals)] > sigLevel:
     X_opt = np.delete(X_opt, np.argmax(pVals), axis = 1)
     print("pval of dim removed: " + str(np.argmax(pVals)))
     print(str(X_opt.shape[1]) + " dimensions remaining...")
     regressor_OLS = sm.OLS(endog = y, exog = X_opt).fit()
     pVals = regressor_OLS.pvalues

regressor_OLS.summary()

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

遇到了同样的问题。

您可以通过

访问 p 值

regressor_OLS.pvalues

它们以科学计数法存储为 float64 数组。我对 python 有点陌生，我确信有更清洁、更优雅的解决方案，但这是我的：

sigLevel = 0.05

X_opt = X[:,[0,1,2,3,4,5]]
regressor_OLS = sm.OLS(endog = y, exog = X_opt).fit()
regressor_OLS.summary()
pVals = regressor_OLS.pvalues

while np.argmax(pVals) > sigLevel:
    droppedDimIndex = np.argmax(regressor_OLS.pvalues)
    keptDims = list(range(len(X_opt[0])))
    keptDims.pop(droppedDimIndex)
    print("pval of dim removed: " + str(np.argmax(pVals)))
    X_opt = X_opt[:,keptDims]
    regressor_OLS = sm.OLS(endog = y, exog = X_opt).fit()
    pVals = regressor_OLS.pvalues
    print(str(len(pVals)-1) + " dimensions remaining...")
    print(pVals)

regressor_OLS.summary()

【讨论】：