另一种违反合同的比较方法[重复]答案

【问题标题】：Another Comparison method that violates its contract [duplicate]另一种违反合同的比较方法[重复]
【发布时间】：2016-06-18 20:11:19
【问题描述】：

我有这门课：

class Column implements Comparable<Column> {
  private final float startX;
  private final float endX;

  public Column(float startX, float endX) {
    this.startX = startX;
    this.endX = endX;
  }

  public boolean isSameColumn(Column c) {
    return c.startX <= this.startX && this.startX < c.endX || this.startX <= c.startX && c.startX < this.endX;
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return Objects.hash(startX, endX);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (obj == null) return false;
    if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
    final Column other = (Column) obj;
    return this.startX == other.startX && this.endX == other.endX;
  }

  @Override
  public int compareTo(Column o) {
    return isSameColumn(o) ? 0 : Float.compare(this.startX, o.startX);
  }
}

在我看来，compareTo 方法符合 Comparator 合同，即使它与 equals（故意）不一致 - 根据 the javadoc，这应该不是问题：

一般是这样，但不严格要求(compare(x, y)==0) == (x.equals(y))

但是，我有时会得到：

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Comparison method violates its general contract!

例如，下面的代码会抛出异常（ideone 上也有 - 有点长，但大部分是测试数据）。

另请注意，在流中在distinct() 之前运行sorted() 可以解决问题。

public static void main (String[] args) {
  String points = "54.199997, 88.399216, 135.2, 250.09616, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 168.19669, 178.7, 207.49712, " +
          "135.2, 168.19669, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 189.49884, 135.2, 180.7966, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, " +
          "135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 212.59627, 135.2, 172.69742, 370.1, 391.69785, " +
          "108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 212.59627, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 212.59627, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, " +
          "108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, 135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 189.49884, " +
          "135.2, 180.7966, 374.0, 391.69824, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 212.59627, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, " +
          "108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 217.09616, 135.2, 170.59763, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 208.99689, 135.2, 163.39717, 374.0, 391.69824, " +
          "108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 214.6982, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 189.49884, 135.2, 180.7966, 374.0, 391.69824, " +
          "135.2, 250.09616, 517.1, 544.6972, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 198.79779, 135.2, 187.69778, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, " +
          "135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 121.69865, 135.2, 191.89688, 135.2, 214.39604, 370.1, 391.69785, " +
          "108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 217.39865, 135.2, 175.69711, 374.0, 391.69824, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 219.49155, " +
          "135.2, 163.39717, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 201.19598, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 218.59897, " +
          "135.2, 189.49573, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 218.59897, 135.2, 189.49573, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 209.5979, " +
          "135.2, 163.39717, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 174.19609, 135.2, 172.69742, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 174.19609, " +
          "135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 189.49884, 135.2, 180.7966, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 214.39862, " +
          "135.2, 178.9956, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 161.59735, 135.2, 196.39772, 374.0, 391.69824, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, " +
          "108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, 135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, 135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, " +
          "108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 195.1961, 135.2, 208.6958, 135.2, 178.0957, 374.0, 391.69824, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 118.99892, " +
          "135.2, 144.1991, 374.0, 391.69824, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 118.99892, 135.2, 193.09724, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, " +
          "135.2, 185.59799, 135.2, 189.19801, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 202.997, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, " +
          "135.2, 217.69742, 135.2, 163.39717, 374.0, 391.69824, 135.2, 250.09616, 517.1, 544.6972, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 187.69786, 135.2, 172.69742, " +
          "370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, 135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 208.99646, 135.2, 182.8964, " +
          "374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 214.6982, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 178.69823, 135.2, 163.39717, " +
          "374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 178.69844, 135.2, 172.69742, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 178.69844, 135.2, 172.69742, " +
          "377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 221.29475, 135.2, 163.39717, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 221.29475, 135.2, 163.39717, " +
          "370.1, 391.69785, 524.7, 553.7995, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 121.69865, 135.2, 191.89688, 135.2, 214.39604, 440.6, 468.19724, 108.2, 125.59826, " +
          "135.2, 179.2979, 187.7, 210.49771, 135.2, 208.69688, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 178.69844, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, " +
          "517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 121.69865, 135.2, 191.89688, 135.2, 214.39604, 436.7, 468.19687, 108.2, 118.698944, 135.2, " +
          "196.99606, 135.2, 172.99727, 360.2, 391.69687, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 201.19598, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, " +
          "209.5979, 135.2, 163.39717, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 189.49884, 135.2, 180.7966, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, " +
          "208.69637, 135.2, 175.39758, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, 135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, " +
          "215.59856, 135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 121.69865, 135.2, 191.89688, 135.2, 214.39604, 436.7, " +
          "468.19687, 108.2, 118.698944, 135.2, 208.09802, 135.2, 162.79724, 364.1, 391.69724, 135.2, 250.09616, 517.1, 544.6972, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, " +
          "178.0957, 135.2, 163.39717, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 185.59691, 135.2, 163.39717, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, " +
          "178.69844, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 125.59826, 135.2, 179.2979, 187.7, 210.49771, 135.2, " +
          "213.79517, 370.1, 391.69785, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 214.6982, 135.2, 172.69742, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, " +
          "120.79874, 135.2, 212.59627, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 180.79544, 135.2, 167.29678, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, " +
          "120.79874, 135.2, 165.49696, 135.2, 167.29678, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 165.49696, 135.2, 167.29678, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, " +
          "115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, 135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, 135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, " +
          "115.39928, 135.2, 190.69446, 135.2, 190.69894, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 165.49861, 135.2, 195.19905, 377.9, 391.6986, 517.1, " +
          "544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, 108.2, 118.99892, 135.2, 205.99895, 135.2, 195.79625, 374.0, 391.69824, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, 88.399216, " +
          "108.2, 118.99892, 135.2, 201.49861, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 118.698944, 135.2, 201.79861, 135.2, 183.19757, 364.1, 391.69724, 517.1, 544.6972, " +
          "54.199997, 87.499214, 108.2, 125.59826, 135.2, 182.2976, 190.7, 214.39763, 135.2, 215.897, 370.1, 391.69785, 517.1, 544.6972, 54.199997, " +
          "87.499214, 108.2, 118.99892, 135.2, 211.99535, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 121.69865, 135.2, 191.89688, 135.2, 214.39604, 364.1, 391.69724, 108.2, " +
          "121.69865, 135.2, 191.89688, 135.2, 214.39604, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 125.59826, 135.2, 222.19763, 135.2, 215.2975, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, " +
          "115.39928, 135.2, 199.99884, 135.2, 193.99792, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 175.69751, 135.2, 166.39688, 374.0, 391.69824, 135.2, " +
          "250.09616, 523.1, 544.6978, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 198.797, 135.2, 171.1964, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 198.797, 135.2, " +
          "171.1964, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 198.797, 135.2, 171.1964, 377.9, 391.6986, 523.1, 544.6978, 54.199997, 87.499214, 108.2, " +
          "118.698944, 135.2, 174.19894, 135.2, 161.59735, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 178.69844, 135.2, 180.7966, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, " +
          "120.79874, 135.2, 189.49884, 135.2, 180.7966, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 160.99742, 135.2, 195.79776, 377.9, 391.6986, 523.1, " +
          "544.6978, 54.199997, 87.499214, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 217.69742, 135.2, 163.39717, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 212.59627, " +
          "135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 187.09769, 135.2, 163.39717, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 115.39928, 135.2, 215.59856, " +
          "135.2, 172.69742, 377.9, 391.6986, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 195.1961, 135.2, 209.29948, 135.2, 166.09691, 135.2, 173.89784, 135.2, 200.29836, " +
          "370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 118.698944, 135.2, 181.39537, 135.2, 193.09871, 377.9, 391.6986, 527.0, 544.69824, 54.199997, 87.499214, 108.2, " +
          "125.59826, 135.2, 179.2979, 187.7, 211.39763, 135.2, 208.69688, 370.1, 391.69785, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 212.59627, 135.2, 172.69742, 374.0, " +
          "391.69824, 524.7, 553.7995, 54.199997, 87.499214, 108.2, 120.79874, 135.2, 216.79735, 135.2, 163.39717, 374.0, 391.69824, 108.2, 121.69865, " +
          "135.2, 191.89688, 135.2, 214.39604, 440.6, 468.19724, 517.1, 544.6972";
  String[] pointss = points.split(", ");
  List<Column> columns = new ArrayList<> ();
  for (int i = 0; i < pointss.length; i += 2) {
    columns.add(new Column(Float.parseFloat(pointss[i]), Float.parseFloat(pointss[i+1])));
  }
  List<Column> columnsWithOverlap = columns.stream()
          .distinct()
          .sorted()
          .collect(toList());
  System.out.println(columnsWithOverlap);
}

【问题讨论】：

您确定这与等于和比较有关吗？ stackoverflow.com/questions/8327514/… 单步执行您的代码并找到导致它抛出异常的 2 个点。
实际的异常是“比较方法违反了它的一般约定！”吗？请您在问题中使用它:)
已经回答：stackoverflow.com/questions/8327514/…
我不认为你的比较器是传递的，即columnA(1, 4), columnB(3, 7), columnC(6, 9)。在这种情况下，columnA.compareTo(columnB) = 0 和 columnB.compareTo(columnC) = 0，但是 columnA.compareTo(columnC) < 0
@assylias 如果这是您的用例，您应该按 startX 和 endX 之间的中点对列进行排序，即 (startX + endX) / 2。然后您可以找到中点所在的列组在最大列数内。

标签： java exception java-8 java-stream comparator

【解决方案1】：

我不认为您的比较器是可传递的，即columnA(1, 4), columnB(3, 7), columnC(6, 9)。

在这种情况下，columnA.compareTo(columnB) = 0 和 columnB.compareTo(columnC) = 0，但是 columnA.compareTo(columnC) < 0。

至于sorted()出现在distinct()之前为什么会失败，谁知道compareTo()不传递时会发生什么？

【讨论】：

如果列表不是不同的，那么失败的比较可能永远不会出现，因为导致它失败的两个值在示例中的原始列表中永远不会彼此相邻。
@reegnz 这可能是解释，但如果流是并行的呢？
Afaik，并行排序是使用 forkjoin 以分而治之的方式确定性的，因此不应该影响它。但我可能还不是回答这个问题的合适人选。 :P
@reegnz：你说得对，分而治之的策略与合并排序变体（又名 TimSort）的顺序工作方式非常接近。在任何一种情况下，数据都会在之后进行细分、处理和合并。但是关于拆分的位置可能存在细微的差异，因此在排序中断的情况下，两种情况下的结果都是不确定的。添加或删除一个元素可以改变整个结果。

【解决方案2】：

好的，我想我可能已经找到了问题，但不完全是如何解决它。问题是比较器不具有传递性。其他人也注意到了这一点，我在问题的 cmets 中也注意到了这一点。

如果你从这里交换 Float.compare 的值：

return isSameColumn(o) ? 0 : Float.compare(this.startX, o.startX);

到这里：

return isSameColumn(o) ? 0 : Float.compare(o.startX, this.startX);

排序没有问题，但这给出了相反的顺序。

现在原因对我来说仍然不完全清楚，但我希望这能让你朝着正确的方向前进。

【讨论】：

对我来说也很奇怪的是，颠倒排序顺序会带来问题 sort(Collections.reverseOrder())
还要考虑传递性，太容易举个例子说明比较器不传递。看看 Federico 的回答。