如何使用 Django 将 ForeignKey 字段保存到数据库中

Question

我是 Django 新手，我有两个模型是用户和地址，这里用户有两个 外键字段是 'localaddress', 'permanentaddress'

地址模型：

class Address(models.Model):

fulladdress = models.CharField(max_length=1000, null=True, blank=True)
additional_address = models.CharField(max_length=1000, null=True, blank=True)
street_address = models.CharField(max_length=150, null=True, blank=True)
route = models.CharField(max_length=150, null=True, blank=True)
city = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
state = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
country = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
pincode = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)

class Meta:
    db_table = 'address'

用户模型：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

class User(AbstractUser):
   localaddress = models.ForeignKey(Address, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="localaddress", null=True, blank=True)
   permanentaddress = models.ForeignKey(Address, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="permanentaddress", null=True, blank=True)

    class Meta:
       db_table = 'user'

settings.py：

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'student.User'# changes built-in user model to ours

这里本地地址和永久地址都具有相同的外键（仅限地址模型）

编辑表格：

forms.py：

class LocaladdressForm(forms.ModelForm):

class Meta:
    model = Address

    fields = ['fulladdress', 'additional_address', 'street_address', 'route', 'city', 'state', 'country', 'pincode']

def save(self, commit=True):
        user = super(LocaladdressForm, self).save(commit=False)
        user.fulladdress = self.cleaned_data['fulladdress']
        user.additional_address = self.cleaned_data['additional_address']
        user.street_address = self.cleaned_data['street_address']
        user.route = self.cleaned_data['route']
        user.city = self.cleaned_data['city']
        user.state = self.cleaned_data['state']
        user.pincode = self.cleaned_data['pincode']
        user.country = self.cleaned_data['country']

        if commit:
            user.save()
        return user

views.py：

def address_form(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
    address = Address()
    form = AddressForm(request.POST, instance=address)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        userid = request.user.id
        User.objects.filter(pk=userid).update(localaddress=address)
        return redirect(reverse('student:view_profile'))
    else:
        args = {'form': form}
        return render(request, 'student/addressform.html', args)
else:
    form = AddressForm()
    args = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'student/addressform.html', args)

我用for循环渲染表单元素，不知道哪里做错了

addressform.html:

<form method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
        {{ form.fulladdress }}
        {{ form.additional_address}}
        {{ form.street_address}}
        {{ form.street_address }}
        {{ form.city }}
        {{ form.state }}
        {{ form.pincode }}
        {{ form.country }}          
</form>     

在这里，我需要将一个表单 localaddress 和另一个表单永久地址外键字段呈现到我的模板。最初我正在尝试第一种形式（本地地址），请帮助我。

提前致谢...

Localaddress 表单截图：我在这里使用 google 地址 api 参考链接自动完成地址表单 Autocomplete Address

I am able to persist address and user object but user object creating new object it is not persisting existing object (means localaddress)

Answer 1

我可以部分回答 Django 中的一个概念。

每当您在两个 Django 模型之间创建关系时，您就可以决定哪个模型将是主模型。在这里你有用户模型和地址模型。我相信在大多数情况下，您会同意 User 模型是主要模型，而 Address 将是子模型或子模型或任何您称之为的模型。

所以你的ForeignKey 字段应该总是在子模型上。因此，与其在 User 模型上使用 ForeignKey，不如像您所做的那样，您应该这样做：

address_type_choices = [
    (1, 'Local'),
    (2, 'Permanent'),
]

class Address(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User)
    type = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=address_type_choices)
    house = model.CharField(max_length=50)
    road = model.CharField(max_length=50)
    area = model.CharField(max_length=50)
    ...

请更改模型的结构并编辑问题。我相信这也是其他人会建议的。

记住，主模型不会有外键字段。

更新：更改了模型以允许您同时维护本地地址和永久地址。