如何以正确的方式捕获异常？ [初学者]

Question

有以下函数，它没有捕获 MyException。

const myFunction = () => async (req, res, next) => {
  try {
    myHTTPRequest().then(async (response) => {
      if (response.data.results.length != 1) {
        throw new MyException('MyError');
      }
      res.end('All good');
    })
    .catch((error) => {
      throw error; //Doesn't work
    });
  } catch (error) {
    console.log('This block should catch MyException, but it doesn't');
    next(error);
  }
};

相反，应用程序将以下错误消息写入控制台

(node:45746) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning
(node:45746) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection. This error originated either by throwing inside of an async function without a catch block, or by rejecting a promise which was not handled with .catch(). (rejection id: 2)
(node:45746) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.

问题是，需要如何调整代码才能在预期的 Catch-Block 中捕获 MyException？

Answer 1

问题是您将.then/.catch 与try/catch 混合在一起。

如果您希望代码在async 函数中输入try/catch，则必须在Promise 上使用await 关键字。

你可以删除.catch，因为它什么都不做，你又抛出了错误，这导致了UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning

const myFunction = () => (req, res, next) => {
  try {
    const response = await myHTTPRequest();

    if (response.data.results.length != 1) {
      throw new MyException('MyError');
    }
    res.end('All good');

  } catch (error) {
    next(error);
  }
};

使用 .then/catch 而不使用 async/await 代码将是：

const myFunction = () => (req, res, next) => {

    myHTTPRequest().then((response) => {
      if (response.data.results.length != 1) {
        throw new MyException('MyError');
      }
      res.end('All good');
    })
    .catch((error) => {
      throw error;
       // It makes no sense to throw again in here
       // But I'm showing you how to handle it if you do
    })
    .catch(error => {
        next(error);
    })
};

当然双.catch没有意义，你应该删除它，留下一个：

const myFunction = () => (req, res, next) => {

    myHTTPRequest().then((response) => {
      if (response.data.results.length != 1) {
        throw new MyException('MyError');
      }
      res.end('All good');
    })
    .catch(error => {
        next(error);
    })
};