如何在 zsh 脚本中提示是/否样式确认？

Question

使用 zsh，我试图在我的 ~/.zprofile 中迈出一步，在那里我以交互方式询问是/否风格问题。一开始我尝试了this bash-style approach，但是我看到了这种形式的错误：

read: -p: no coprocess

（我知道 zsh 语法通常与 bash 不同 - 我尝试在它前面加上一个 sh 仿真命令 - emulate -LR sh - 但没有区别）。

这个页面暗示语法可能不同，所以在 this page 和 zsh 手册页的指导下，我尝试了这个：

read -q REPLY?"This is the question I want to ask?"

这反而会因为以下形式的错误而失败：

/home/user/.zprofile:5: no matches found: REPLY?"This is the question I want to ask?"

如何使用 zsh 提出一个简单的是/否问题？理想情况下，该命令只会吞下一个字符，无需按 Enter/Return，并且是“安全”的 - 即后续测试默认为 no/false，除非输入“Y”或“y”。

Answer 1

来自zsh - read

如果第一个参数包含“？”，则该单词的其余部分将在 shell 交互时用作标准错误提示。

你必须引用整个论点

read -q "REPLY?This is the question I want to ask?"

这将提示您This is the question I want to ask? 并返回REPLY 中按下的字符。

如果您不引用问号，zsh 会尝试将参数匹配为文件名。如果它没有找到任何匹配的文件名，它会抱怨no matches found。

Answer 2

有关 ZSH 读取的文档，请参阅 ZSH Manual。试试：

read REPLY\?"This is the question I want to ask?"

Answer 3

我添加此答案是因为每次您想要求用户确认时，您也想对其采取行动。这是一个以read -q 提示的函数（谢谢，其他答案！）并在结果上进行分支以执行您想要的操作（在这种情况下，是 git 的东西）：

git_commit_and_pull() {
    # http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#index-read
    if read -q "choice?Press Y/y to continue with commit and pull: "; then
        git add . && git commit -m 'haha git goes brrr' && git pull
    else
        echo
        echo "'$choice' not 'Y' or 'y'. Exiting..."
    fi
}

Answer 4

我为此创建了两个实用程序脚本：

• read-string.sh 从输入中读取字符串（需要用户按回车键）
• read-char.sh 从输入中读取单个字符（不需要按回车键）

无论用户使用的是 bash 还是 zsh，这两个脚本都能正常工作。

#!/bin/bash
# read-string.sh
# eg: my_string=$(./read-string.sh); echo "my_string: $my_string"

# bash `read` manual - https://ss64.com/bash/read.html
# 
# read [-ers] [-a aname]  [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars]
#    [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-r] [-s] [-t timeout] [-u fd]
#       [name...]
# 
#  -r        Do not treat a Backslash as an escape character.  The backslash is considered to be part
#            of the line. In particular, a backslash-newline pair can not be used as a line continuation.
#            Without this option, any backslashes in the input will be discarded.
#            You should almost always use the -r option with read.

# zsh `read` manual - http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#index-read
# 
# read [ -rszpqAclneE ] [ -t [ num ] ] [ -k [ num ] ] [ -d delim ]
#     [ -u n ] [ name[?prompt] ] [ name ... ]
# 
# -r         Raw mode: a ‘\’ at the end of a line does not signify line continuation and backslashes in the line
#            don’t quote the following character and are not removed.

if [ -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ]; then
  read -r "answer?"
else
  read -r answer
fi
echo "$answer"

#!/bin/bash
# eg: my_char=$(read-char.sh); echo "my_char: $my_char"

# bash `read` manual - https://ss64.com/bash/read.html
# 
# read [-ers] [-a aname]  [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars]
#    [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-r] [-s] [-t timeout] [-u fd]
#       [name...]
# 
#  -r        Do not treat a Backslash as an escape character.  The backslash is considered to be part
#            of the line. In particular, a backslash-newline pair can not be used as a line continuation.
#            Without this option, any backslashes in the input will be discarded.
#            You should almost always use the -r option with read.
#  -n nchars read returns after reading nchars characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input.

# zsh `read` manual - http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#index-read
# 
# read [ -rszpqAclneE ] [ -t [ num ] ] [ -k [ num ] ] [ -d delim ]
#     [ -u n ] [ name[?prompt] ] [ name ... ]
# 
# -q         Read only one character from the terminal and set name to ‘y’ if this character was ‘y’ or ‘Y’
#            and to ‘n’ otherwise. With this flag set the return status is zero only if the character was ‘y’ or ‘Y’.
#            This option may be used with a timeout (see -t); if the read times out, or encounters end of file,
#            status 2 is returned. Input is read from the terminal unless one of -u or -p is present.
#            This option may also be used within zle widgets.
# -r         Raw mode: a ‘\’ at the end of a line does not signify line continuation and backslashes in the line
#            don’t quote the following character and are not removed.

if [ -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ]; then
  read -r -q "answer?"
else
  read -r -n 1 answer
fi
echo "$answer"

感谢Olaf 他的original answer。