在 Python 端的 Windows 中,可以使用特定的共享模式(直接或通过 CRT 间接调用)CreateFile。例如,如果所需的共享模式是FILE_SHARE_READ,则如果文件已打开以进行写入,则打开将失败。如果后一个调用成功,那么将来打开文件进行写入的尝试将失败(例如在 Matlab 中)。
Windows CRT 函数_wsopen_s 允许设置共享模式。您可以在 Python 3 opener 中使用 ctypes 调用它:
import sys
import os
import ctypes as ctypes
import ctypes.util
__all__ = ['shdeny', 'shdeny_write', 'shdeny_read']
_SH_DENYRW = 0x10 # deny read/write mode
_SH_DENYWR = 0x20 # deny write mode
_SH_DENYRD = 0x30 # deny read
_S_IWRITE = 0x0080 # for O_CREAT, a new file is not readonly
if sys.version_info[:2] < (3,5):
_wsopen_s = ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('c'))._wsopen_s
else:
# find_library('c') may be deprecated on Windows in 3.5, if the
# universal CRT removes named exports. The following probably
# isn't future proof; I don't know how the '-l1-1-0' suffix
# should be handled.
_wsopen_s = ctypes.CDLL('api-ms-win-crt-stdio-l1-1-0')._wsopen_s
_wsopen_s.argtypes = (ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int), # pfh
ctypes.c_wchar_p, # filename
ctypes.c_int, # oflag
ctypes.c_int, # shflag
ctypes.c_int) # pmode
def shdeny(file, flags):
fh = ctypes.c_int()
err = _wsopen_s(ctypes.byref(fh),
file, flags, _SH_DENYRW, _S_IWRITE)
if err:
raise IOError(err, os.strerror(err), file)
return fh.value
def shdeny_write(file, flags):
fh = ctypes.c_int()
err = _wsopen_s(ctypes.byref(fh),
file, flags, _SH_DENYWR, _S_IWRITE)
if err:
raise IOError(err, os.strerror(err), file)
return fh.value
def shdeny_read(file, flags):
fh = ctypes.c_int()
err = _wsopen_s(ctypes.byref(fh),
file, flags, _SH_DENYRD, _S_IWRITE)
if err:
raise IOError(err, os.strerror(err), file)
return fh.value
例如:
if __name__ == '__main__':
import tempfile
filename = tempfile.mktemp()
fw = open(filename, 'w')
fw.write('spam')
fw.flush()
fr = open(filename)
assert fr.read() == 'spam'
try:
f = open(filename, opener=shdeny_write)
except PermissionError:
fw.close()
with open(filename, opener=shdeny_write) as f:
assert f.read() == 'spam'
try:
f = open(filename, opener=shdeny_read)
except PermissionError:
fr.close()
with open(filename, opener=shdeny_read) as f:
assert f.read() == 'spam'
with open(filename, opener=shdeny) as f:
assert f.read() == 'spam'
os.remove(filename)
在 Python 2 中,您必须将上述开启者与 os.fdopen 结合起来,例如:
f = os.fdopen(shdeny_write(filename, os.O_RDONLY|os.O_TEXT), 'r')
或者定义一个 sopen 包装器,让您显式传递共享模式并调用 os.fdopen 以返回 Python 2 file。这需要更多的工作才能从传入的flags 中获取文件mode,反之亦然。