创建具有多个值的字典

Question

我有一个包含 mac_address、RSSI 值和 time 值的文件；我想创建一个字典，其中键是 mac_address，值是 RSSI 和 time。

我该怎么做？

文件格式如下：

6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64   -71dBm  10:18:25
C4:A5:DF:24:05:7E   -45dBm  10:18:26
B0:6E:BF:1F:5E:A1   -27dBm  10:18:48

但有时我可以有超过 3 行。

Answer 1

您可以使用字典理解：

with open('file.txt') as f:
    mac_dic = {k:tuple(v) for k,*v in map(str.split, f)}

输出：

>>> mac_dic
{'6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64': ('-71dBm', '10:18:25'),
 'C4:A5:DF:24:05:7E': ('-45dBm', '10:18:26'),
 'B0:6E:BF:1F:5E:A1': ('-27dBm', '10:18:48')}

这是另一种格式：

with open('file.txt') as f:
    mac_dic = {k:dict(zip(['RSSI', 'time'], v))
               for k,*v in map(str.split, f)}

>>> mac_dic
{'6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64': {'RSSI': '-71dBm', 'time': '10:18:25'},
 'C4:A5:DF:24:05:7E': {'RSSI': '-45dBm', 'time': '10:18:26'},
 'B0:6E:BF:1F:5E:A1': {'RSSI': '-27dBm', 'time': '10:18:48'}}

Answer 2

使用类型提示和 NamedTuple

from typing import NamedTuple,Dict

class RSSI(NamedTuple):
  rssi: str
  time:str

mac = str

data: Dict[mac,RSSI] = dict()  
with open('test.txt') as f:
  for line in f:
    mac,rssi,time = line.split()
    data[mac] = RSSI(rssi,time)
print(data)

输出

{'6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64': RSSI(rssi='-71dBm', time='10:18:25'), 'C4:A5:DF:24:05:7E': RSSI(rssi='-45dBm', time='10:18:26'), 'B0:6E:BF:1F:5E:A1': RSSI(rssi='-27dBm', time='10:18:48')}

Answer 3

如果@mozway 的答案对你来说有点太复杂，也许我的答案会让你更容易理解！

解决方案 1：列表/元组

您可以将 MAC 地址用作键，并将包含 RSSI 和时间的列表/元组作为值：

mydict = {
    '6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64': [-71, '10:18:25'],
    'C4:A5:DF:24:05:7E': [-45, '10:18:26'],
    'B0:6E:BF:1F:5E:A1': [-27, '10:18:48'],
}

# example: accessing the rssi of '6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64'
print(mydict['6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64'][0])  # -71

解决方案 2：字典

或以字典作为外部字典值的嵌套字典结构：

mydict = {
    '6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64': {'rssi': -71, 'time': '10:18:25'},
    'C4:A5:DF:24:05:7E': {'rssi': -45, 'time': '10:18:26'},
    'B0:6E:BF:1F:5E:A1': {'rssi': -27, 'time': '10:18:48'},
}

# example: accessing the rssi of '6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64'
print(mydict['6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64']['rssi'])  # -71

Answer 4

with open("file.txt","w") as f:
    f.write("""6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64  -71dBm   10:18:25
C4:A5:DF:24:05:7E  -45dBm   10:18:26
B0:6E:BF:1F:5E:A1  -27dBm   10:18:48""")

dic = {}
data = []
with open("file.txt","r") as f:

    data = f.read().split("\n")
for i in range(len(data)) :
    string = data[i].split(" ")
    for i in range(string.count("")):
        string.remove("")
        dic[string[0]] = " ".join(string[1:])
    print(dic)

Answer 5

您可以申请DictReader 来处理此文件。目前尚不清楚列之间有什么分隔符，它可能是\t 或多个空格。对于多个空格分隔符，您需要设置skipinitialspace。

代码：

from csv import DictReader

with open(r"path/to/file") as f:
    # setup if delimiter is "\t"
    reader = DictReader(f, ("mac_address", "rssi", "time"),
                        delimiter="\t")
    # setup if delimiter is spaces
    reader = DictReader(f, ("mac_address", "rssi", "time"),
                        delimiter=" ", skipinitialspace=True)
    result = {}
    for row in reader:
        result[row.pop("mac_address")] = row
    # Or you can use one-liner
    result = {row.pop("mac_address"): row for row in reader}

结果：

{
    '6E:C6:F8:89:AE:64': {
        'rssi': '-71dBm',
        'time': '10:18:25'
    },
    'C4:A5:DF:24:05:7E': {
        'rssi': '-45dBm',
        'time': '10:18:26'
    },
    'B0:6E:BF:1F:5E:A1': {
        'rssi': '-27dBm',
        'time': '10:18:48'
    }
}

你还添加了下一个：

但有时我可以有超过 3 行

您可以将所有可能的列传递给DictReader 构造函数，并使用restval 参数设置默认值。

---

更新。原始文件有标签作为列之间的分隔符(Symon94's comment)，所以最终代码是：

from csv import DictReader

with open(r"path/to/file") as f:
    reader = DictReader(f, ("mac_address", "rssi", "time"), delimiter="\t")
    result = {row.pop("mac_address"): row for row in reader}