Wcf System.InsufficientMemoryException。未能分配 536870912 字节的托管内存缓冲区

Question

我有一个 WCF 服务方法，它返回一个大小约为 2 mb 的大字节 [] 数组。但是，当我从 WcfTestClient 运行该方法时，出现以下异常。

System.InsufficientMemoryException
Failed to allocate a managed memory buffer of 536870912 bytes. The amount of available memory may be low.

我在谷歌上搜索过，人们似乎有这个问题，但我正在努力寻找任何解决方案以及为什么它首先试图创建如此巨大的缓冲区的实际原因？

以下是我的配置设置。我已经设置了 maxItemsInObjectGraph="2147483647" 否则它会抛出异常。我猜剩下的很简单。

服务器

  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service behaviorConfiguration="Wcf.ServiceBehavior"
        name="Wcf.WcfService">
        <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Wcf.IWcfService">
          <identity>
            <dns value="localhost" />
          </identity>
        </endpoint>
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="Wcf.ServiceBehavior">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />
          <dataContractSerializer maxItemsInObjectGraph="2147483647" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>

    <diagnostics>    
      <messageLogging maxMessagesToLog="30000"    
              logEntireMessage="true"    
              logMessagesAtServiceLevel="true"    
              logMalformedMessages="true"    
              logMessagesAtTransportLevel="true">    
      </messageLogging>    
    </diagnostics>
  </system.serviceModel>

WcfTestClient 配置这是与 WcfTestClient 一起加载的默认配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
    <system.serviceModel>
        <bindings>
            <wsHttpBinding>
                <binding name="WSHttpBinding_IWcfService" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
                    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
                    bypassProxyOnLocal="false" transactionFlow="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
                    maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
                    messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" useDefaultWebProxy="true"
                    allowCookies="false">
                    <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
                        maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
                    <reliableSession ordered="true" inactivityTimeout="00:10:00"
                        enabled="false" />
                    <security mode="Message">
                        <transport clientCredentialType="Windows" proxyCredentialType="None"
                            realm="" />
                        <message clientCredentialType="Windows" negotiateServiceCredential="true"
                            algorithmSuite="Default" />
                    </security>
                </binding>
            </wsHttpBinding>
        </bindings>
        <client>
            <endpoint address="http://localhost:4151/Service1.svc" binding="wsHttpBinding"
                bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IWcfService" contract="IWcfService"
                name="WSHttpBinding_IWcfService">
                <identity>
                    <dns value="localhost" />
                </identity>
            </endpoint>
        </client>
    </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

这里是异常堆栈跟踪

    <E2ETraceEvent xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2004/06/E2ETraceEvent">

  <System xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2004/06/windows/eventlog/system">

    <EventID>131075</EventID>
    <Type>3</Type>
    <SubType Name="Error">0</SubType>
    <Level>2</Level>
    <TimeCreated SystemTime="2010-06-29T09:18:23.9616589Z" />
    <Source Name="System.ServiceModel" />
    <Correlation ActivityID="{7870ff09-e268-4e9d-a692-389fd03db1aa}" />
    <Execution ProcessName="WebDev.WebServer20" ProcessID="4812"
    ThreadID="17" />
    <Channel />
    <Computer>PC-008915</Computer>
  </System>
  <ApplicationData>
    <TraceData>
      <DataItem>
        <TraceRecord xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2004/10/E2ETraceEvent/TraceRecord"
        Severity="Error">
          <TraceIdentifier>
          http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-GB/library/System.ServiceModel.Diagnostics.ThrowingException.aspx</TraceIdentifier>
          <Description>Throwing an exception.</Description>
          <AppDomain>5ab4f443-1-129222741421051645</AppDomain>
          <Exception>
            <ExceptionType>System.InsufficientMemoryException,
            mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,
            PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</ExceptionType>
            <Message>Failed to allocate a managed memory buffer of
            536870912 bytes. The amount of available memory may be
            low.</Message>
            <StackTrace>at
            System.ServiceModel.Diagnostics.Utility.AllocateByteArray(Int32
            size) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.BufferManager.GCBufferManager.TakeBuffer(Int32
            bufferSize) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.BufferedOutputStream.AllocNextChunk(Int32
            minimumChunkSize) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.BufferedOutputStream.WriteCore(Byte[]
            buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.BufferedOutputStream.Write(Byte[]
            buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at
            System.Xml.XmlStreamNodeWriter.FlushBuffer() at
            System.Xml.XmlStreamNodeWriter.GetBuffer(Int32 count,
            Int32&amp; offset) at
            System.Xml.XmlStreamNodeWriter.UnsafeWriteUTF8Chars(Char*
            chars, Int32 charCount) at
            System.Xml.XmlStreamNodeWriter.WriteUTF8Chars(String
            value) at
            System.Xml.XmlUTF8NodeWriter.WriteEndElement(String
            prefix, String localName) at
            System.Xml.XmlSigningNodeWriter.WriteEndElement(String
            prefix, String localName) at
            System.Xml.XmlBaseWriter.WriteEndElement() at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.WriteString(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, String value, XmlDictionaryString name,
            XmlDictionaryString ns) at
            WritePropertyDtoToXml(XmlWriterDelegator , Object ,
            XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext , ClassDataContract )
            at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.ClassDataContract.WriteXmlValue(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext
            context) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.WriteDataContractValue(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.SerializeWithoutXsiType(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.InternalSerialize(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, Boolean isDeclaredType, Boolean
            writeXsiType, Int32 declaredTypeID, RuntimeTypeHandle
            declaredTypeHandle) at
            WriteArrayOfPropertyDtoToXml(XmlWriterDelegator ,
            Object , XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext ,
            CollectionDataContract ) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.CollectionDataContract.WriteXmlValue(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext
            context) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.WriteDataContractValue(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.SerializeWithoutXsiType(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.InternalSerialize(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, Boolean isDeclaredType, Boolean
            writeXsiType, Int32 declaredTypeID, RuntimeTypeHandle
            declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.InternalSerializeReference(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, Boolean isDeclaredType, Boolean
            writeXsiType, Int32 declaredTypeID, RuntimeTypeHandle
            declaredTypeHandle) at
            WriteEntityTypeDtoToXml(XmlWriterDelegator , Object ,
            XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext , ClassDataContract )
            at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.ClassDataContract.WriteXmlValue(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext
            context) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.WriteDataContractValue(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.SerializeWithoutXsiType(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.InternalSerialize(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, Boolean isDeclaredType, Boolean
            writeXsiType, Int32 declaredTypeID, RuntimeTypeHandle
            declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.InternalSerializeReference(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, Boolean isDeclaredType, Boolean
            writeXsiType, Int32 declaredTypeID, RuntimeTypeHandle
            declaredTypeHandle) at
            WriteNodeTypeDtoToXml(XmlWriterDelegator , Object ,
            XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext , ClassDataContract )
            at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.ClassDataContract.WriteXmlValue(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext
            context) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.WriteDataContractValue(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.SerializeWithoutXsiType(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.InternalSerialize(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, Boolean isDeclaredType, Boolean
            writeXsiType, Int32 declaredTypeID, RuntimeTypeHandle
            declaredTypeHandle) at
            WriteArrayOfNodeTypeDtoToXml(XmlWriterDelegator ,
            Object , XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext ,
            CollectionDataContract ) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.CollectionDataContract.WriteXmlValue(XmlWriterDelegator
            xmlWriter, Object obj, XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext
            context) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.WriteDataContractValue(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.SerializeWithoutXsiType(DataContract
            dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj,
            RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer.InternalWriteObjectContent(XmlWriterDelegator
            writer, Object graph) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer.InternalWriteObject(XmlWriterDelegator
            writer, Object graph) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializer.WriteObjectHandleExceptions(XmlWriterDelegator
            writer, Object graph) at
            System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializer.WriteObject(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer, Object graph) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter.SerializeParameterPart(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer, PartInfo part, Object graph) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter.SerializeParameter(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer, PartInfo part, Object graph) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter.SerializeBody(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer, MessageVersion version, String action,
            MessageDescription messageDescription, Object
            returnValue, Object[] parameters, Boolean isRequest) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.OperationFormatter.SerializeBodyContents(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer, MessageVersion version, Object[] parameters,
            Object returnValue, Boolean isRequest) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.OperationFormatter.OperationFormatterMessage.OperationFormatterBodyWriter.OnWriteBodyContents(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.BodyWriter.WriteBodyContents(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.BodyWriterMessage.OnWriteBodyContents(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.Message.WriteBodyContents(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer) at
            System.ServiceModel.Security.SecurityAppliedMessage.WriteBodyToSignThenEncryptWithFragments(Stream
            stream, Boolean includeComments, String[]
            inclusivePrefixes, EncryptedData encryptedData,
            SymmetricAlgorithm algorithm, XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer) at
            System.ServiceModel.Security.WSSecurityOneDotZeroSendSecurityHeader.ApplyBodySecurity(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer, IPrefixGenerator prefixGenerator) at
            System.ServiceModel.Security.SecurityAppliedMessage.OnWriteMessage(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.Message.WriteMessage(XmlDictionaryWriter
            writer) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.BufferedMessageWriter.WriteMessage(Message
            message, BufferManager bufferManager, Int32
            initialOffset, Int32 maxSizeQuota) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.TextMessageEncoderFactory.TextMessageEncoder.WriteMessage(Message
            message, Int32 maxMessageSize, BufferManager
            bufferManager, Int32 messageOffset) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpOutput.SerializeBufferedMessage(Message
            message) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpOutput.Send(TimeSpan
            timeout) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpRequestContext.OnReply(Message
            message, TimeSpan timeout) at
            System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpContext.OnReply(Message
            message, TimeSpan timeout) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.RequestContextBase.Reply(Message
            message, TimeSpan timeout) at
            System.ServiceModel.Security.SecuritySessionServerSettings.SecuritySessionRequestContext.OnReply(Message
            message, TimeSpan timeout) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.RequestContextBase.Reply(Message
            message, TimeSpan timeout) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.RequestContextBase.Reply(Message
            message) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.Reply(MessageRpc&amp;
            rpc) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessageCleanup(MessageRpc&amp;
            rpc) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage5(MessageRpc&amp;
            rpc) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage4(MessageRpc&amp;
            rpc) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage3(MessageRpc&amp;
            rpc) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage2(MessageRpc&amp;
            rpc) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage1(MessageRpc&amp;
            rpc) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.MessageRpc.Process(Boolean
            isOperationContextSet) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.Dispatch(MessageRpc&amp;
            rpc, Boolean isOperationContextSet) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ChannelHandler.DispatchAndReleasePump(RequestContext
            request, Boolean cleanThread, OperationContext
            currentOperationContext) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ChannelHandler.HandleRequest(RequestContext
            request, OperationContext currentOperationContext) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ChannelHandler.AsyncMessagePump(IAsyncResult
            result) at
            System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ChannelHandler.OnContinueAsyncReceive(Object
            state) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.WorkItem.Invoke2()
            at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.WorkItem.OnSecurityContextCallback(Object
            o) at
            System.Security.SecurityContext.Run(SecurityContext
            securityContext, ContextCallback callback, Object
            state) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.WorkItem.Invoke()
            at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.ProcessCallbacks()
            at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.CompletionCallback(Object
            state) at
            System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.ScheduledOverlapped.IOCallback(UInt32
            errorCode, UInt32 numBytes, NativeOverlapped*
            nativeOverlapped) at
            System.ServiceModel.Diagnostics.Utility.IOCompletionThunk.UnhandledExceptionFrame(UInt32
            error, UInt32 bytesRead, NativeOverlapped*
            nativeOverlapped) at
            System.Threading._IOCompletionCallback.PerformIOCompletionCallback(UInt32
            errorCode, UInt32 numBytes, NativeOverlapped*
            pOVERLAP)</StackTrace>
            <ExceptionString>System.InsufficientMemoryException:
            Failed to allocate a managed memory buffer of 536870912
            bytes. The amount of available memory may be low.
            ---&gt; System.OutOfMemoryException: Exception of type
            'System.OutOfMemoryException' was thrown. at
            System.ServiceModel.Diagnostics.Utility.AllocateByteArray(Int32
            size) --- End of inner exception stack trace
            ---</ExceptionString>
            <InnerException>
              <ExceptionType>System.OutOfMemoryException, mscorlib,
              Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,
              PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</ExceptionType>
              <Message>Exception of type
              'System.OutOfMemoryException' was thrown.</Message>
              <StackTrace>at
              System.ServiceModel.Diagnostics.Utility.AllocateByteArray(Int32
              size)</StackTrace>
              <ExceptionString>System.OutOfMemoryException:
              Exception of type 'System.OutOfMemoryException' was
              thrown. at
              System.ServiceModel.Diagnostics.Utility.AllocateByteArray(Int32
              size)</ExceptionString>
            </InnerException>
          </Exception>
        </TraceRecord>
      </DataItem>
    </TraceData>
  </ApplicationData>
</E2ETraceEvent>

等待 纳比尔

Answer 1

您确定您的字节数组只有 2MB 左右吗？从您发布的异常消息来看，缓冲区中的消息似乎接近 0.5GB（536870912 字节）。这个错误是否持续发生？发生这种情况时您是否正在运行多个服务调用？

还要了解，当使用带有 Message Security 的 WSHttpBinding 时，整个消息都会被缓冲。我的理解是这样做是为了在一个块中加密整个消息，以便可以在标题中提供相应的详细信息。换句话说，标头需要消息的长度，在加密完成之前是未知的。

查看我提出的相关问题How to best transfer large payloads of data using wsHttp with WCF with message security。

Answer 2

我们的应用程序池设置为每 0 分钟回收一次（不回收）。将其更改回 1740 并手动回收池后，错误消失了。我认为应用程序池用完了可用/已提交的内存，如果您的所有对象都没有在 .NET 中正确处理，则返回该消息

Answer 3

我们也遇到了完全相同的问题。尝试下载只有 15mb 的文档，内存使用量飙升至 1gb 左右。这导致服务器上出现内存不足异常。 我们的解决方案非常简单。数据协定为 ByteArray 实现了 ICollection。当我们将其更改为 Byte[] 时，问题消失了，内存使用再次正常。 显然，序列化过程无法有效地处理 ICollection 类型。