具有不同标记和颜色的 matplotlib 散点图

Question

我想根据 2 个外部向量的值用不同的标记和不同的颜色绘制一个图。

这是我尝试过的：

>>> s = [u'+', u'+', u'o']
>>> col = ['r','r','g']
>>> x = np.array([1,2,3])
>>> y = np.array([4,5,6])
>>> pl.scatter(x,y,marker=s,c=col)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/markers.py", line 233, in set_marker
    Path(marker)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/path.py", line 133, in __init__
    vertices = np.asarray(vertices, np.float_)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/numeric.py", line 460, in asarray
    return array(a, dtype, copy=False, order=order)
ValueError: could not convert string to float: '+'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 3087, in scatter
    linewidths=linewidths, verts=verts, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes.py", line 6298, in scatter
    marker_obj = mmarkers.MarkerStyle(marker)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/markers.py", line 162, in __init__
    self.set_marker(marker)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/markers.py", line 236, in set_marker
    raise ValueError('Unrecognized marker style {}'.format(marker))
ValueError: Unrecognized marker style ['+', '+', 'o']
>>> 

编辑： 建议的解决方案适用于模拟示例，但不适用于我的实际问题。 （我不知道为什么）。

这是我的完整代码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
import numpy as np
locY = np.linspace(0, 1, 50) #in the real data locX and locY are coordinate of the points
locX = np.linspace(0,1,50)
p = 50

C = {0: [0, 13, 14, 19, 22, 30], 16: [1, 16, 17], 20: [15, 18, 20, 24], 37: [4, 8, 9, 33, 37, 40, 47], 41: [5, 7, 28, 32, 34, 36, 39, 41, 42, 44, 46], 26: [6, 26, 27, 29, 31, 35], 45: [10, 11, 12, 38, 43, 45, 48, 49], 21: [2, 3, 21, 23, 25]}
        index = C.keys()

        def plot_cluster(C, index):
            color_map = ['b', 'g', 'r', 'c', 'm', 'y',  'k', 'w']
            colors = []
            m_type = []


            for i in range(p):
                for pos, k in enumerate(index):
                    if i in C[k]:
                        #colors.append(pos)
                        colors.append(color_map[pos])
                        if i == k:
                            m_type.append(u'+')
                        else:
                            m_type.append(u'o')


            fig = pl.scatter(locX, locY, c=colors, s=30, cmap='spectral')
            fig = pl.locator_params(nbins=3)
            fig = pl.xlim(-0.2, 1.2)
            fig = pl.ylim(-0.2, 1.2)
            fig = pl.locator_params(nbins=5, axis='y')

            return fig

    pl.show(plot_cluster(C, index))

如果我用建议的答案替换绘图部分，我只会在图中获得 2 分（我不知道为什么）

我该如何解决？

Answer 1

这行得通：

s = [u'+', u'+', u'o']
col = ['r','r','g']
x = np.array([1,2,3])
y = np.array([4,5,6])

for _s, c, _x, _y in zip(s, col, x, y):
    plt.scatter(_x, _y, marker=_s, c=c)

plt.xlim(0, 4)
plt.ylim(0, 8)

plt.show()

像这样渲染：

更新

您似乎可以拥有多种颜色，并且只需调用 scatter 函数：example。多色功能在API 上得到确认，但它并没有读到您可以为标记 kwarg 指定一个可迭代对象。如果您删除 marker=s，您的代码将有效