我需要一个解决方案，其中要替换的字符串可以是正则表达式，
例如，通过将多个空白字符替换为单个字符来帮助规范化长文本。基于其他人（包括 MiniQuark 和 mmj）的一系列答案，我得出了以下结论：
def multiple_replace(string, reps, re_flags = 0):
""" Transforms string, replacing keys from re_str_dict with values.
reps: dictionary, or list of key-value pairs (to enforce ordering;
earlier items have higher priority).
Keys are used as regular expressions.
re_flags: interpretation of regular expressions, such as re.DOTALL
"""
if isinstance(reps, dict):
reps = reps.items()
pattern = re.compile("|".join("(?P<_%d>%s)" % (i, re_str[0])
for i, re_str in enumerate(reps)),
re_flags)
return pattern.sub(lambda x: reps[int(x.lastgroup[1:])][1], string)
它适用于其他答案中给出的示例，例如：
>>> multiple_replace("(condition1) and --condition2--",
... {"condition1": "", "condition2": "text"})
'() and --text--'
>>> multiple_replace('hello, world', {'hello' : 'goodbye', 'world' : 'earth'})
'goodbye, earth'
>>> multiple_replace("Do you like cafe? No, I prefer tea.",
... {'cafe': 'tea', 'tea': 'cafe', 'like': 'prefer'})
'Do you prefer tea? No, I prefer cafe.'
对我来说最主要的是你也可以使用正则表达式，例如只替换整个单词，或者规范化空格：
>>> s = "I don't want to change this name:\n Philip II of Spain"
>>> re_str_dict = {r'\bI\b': 'You', r'[\n\t ]+': ' '}
>>> multiple_replace(s, re_str_dict)
"You don't want to change this name: Philip II of Spain"
如果您想将字典键用作普通字符串，
您可以在调用 multiple_replace 之前使用例如逃避那些这个函数：
def escape_keys(d):
""" transform dictionary d by applying re.escape to the keys """
return dict((re.escape(k), v) for k, v in d.items())
>>> multiple_replace(s, escape_keys(re_str_dict))
"I don't want to change this name:\n Philip II of Spain"
以下函数可以帮助您在字典键中查找错误的正则表达式（因为来自 multiple_replace 的错误消息不是很清楚）：
def check_re_list(re_list):
""" Checks if each regular expression in list is well-formed. """
for i, e in enumerate(re_list):
try:
re.compile(e)
except (TypeError, re.error):
print("Invalid regular expression string "
"at position {}: '{}'".format(i, e))
>>> check_re_list(re_str_dict.keys())
请注意，它不会链接替换，而是同时执行它们。这使它更有效率，而不会限制它可以做什么。为了模仿链接的效果，您可能只需要添加更多的字符串替换对并确保对的预期顺序：
>>> multiple_replace("button", {"but": "mut", "mutton": "lamb"})
'mutton'
>>> multiple_replace("button", [("button", "lamb"),
... ("but", "mut"), ("mutton", "lamb")])
'lamb'