有两种方法可以解决这个问题，一种是本地的（用于单个 Jupyter 笔记本），一种是全局的（用于内核本身）。两者都与设置R_HOME环境变量有关。
本地 (source)：
在 Jupyter 笔记本中调用 %load_ext rpy2.ipython 之前，运行：
import os
os.environ['R_HOME'] = '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R' #path to your R installation
全球：
通过jupyter kernelspec list 找到您的内核目录并编辑文件kernel.json。通过添加以下内容更新 JSON：
"env": {"R_HOME":"/home/your/anaconda3/envs/my-env-name/lib/R"}，然后重新启动内核（您可能还必须重新启动 Jupyter）。
更新（搞砸了LD_LIBRARY_PATH）
最近，在使用conda设置新环境后，我再次尝试在jupyter中运行rpy2：
conda config --add channels conda-forge
conda config --set channel_priority strict
conda create -n myenv python=3.7
conda activate myenv
conda install r-essentials pandas rpy2
这一次我在尝试%load_ext rpy2.ipython（Jupyter）或简单地import rpy2.robjects（任何脚本）时遇到了以下问题：
>>> import rpy2.robjects
Warning message:
package ‘methods’ was built under R version 3.6.3
Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘stats’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...):
unable to load shared object '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/stats/libs/stats.so':
/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/stats/libs/stats.so: undefined symbol: MARK_NOT_MUTABLE
During startup - Warning messages:
1: package ‘datasets’ was built under R version 3.6.3
2: package ‘utils’ was built under R version 3.6.3
3: package ‘grDevices’ was built under R version 3.6.3
4: package ‘graphics’ was built under R version 3.6.3
5: package ‘stats’ was built under R version 3.6.3
6: package ‘stats’ in options("defaultPackages") was not found
R[write to console]: Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘tools’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...):
unable to load shared object '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so':
/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so: undefined symbol: R_NewPreciousMSet
R[write to console]: Error in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...) :
unable to load shared object '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so':
/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so: undefined symbol: R_NewPreciousMSet
R[write to console]: In addition:
R[write to console]: Warning message:
R[write to console]: package ‘tools’ was built under R version 3.6.3
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/robjects/__init__.py", line 20, in <module>
import rpy2.robjects.functions
File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/robjects/functions.py", line 12, in <module>
from rpy2.robjects import help
File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/robjects/help.py", line 43, in <module>
tools_ns = _get_namespace(StrSexpVector(('tools',)))
File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/rinterface_lib/conversion.py", line 44, in _
cdata = function(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/rinterface.py", line 621, in __call__
raise embedded.RRuntimeError(_rinterface._geterrmessage())
rpy2.rinterface_lib.embedded.RRuntimeError: Error in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...) :
unable to load shared object '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so':
/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so: undefined symbol: R_NewPreciousMSet
这个问题似乎是一个搞砸的 R“情况”（通过 Jupyter 中的 %run -m rpy2.situation 或简单地在命令行上的 python -m rpy2.situation 检查），其中 R's additions to LD_LIBRARY_PATH: 指向旧的、全局安装的 R 版本。
我不得不手动取消设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH 来解决这个问题。可以类似于R_HOME 设置/取消设置此路径。
PS：我发现 R_HOME 和 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 在我的 .bashrc 中设置为自定义（来自源代码）R 安装。这显然混淆了 Jupyter 内核。不聪明;)
PPS：rpy2.situation 仍然告诉我有一个Warning: The environment variable R_HOME differs from the default R in the PATH.：
Looking for R's HOME:
Environment variable R_HOME: /home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R
Calling `R RHOME`: /home/your/anaconda3/envs/jupyter-env/lib/R
Environment variable R_LIBS_USER: None
Warning: The environment variable R_HOME differs from the default R in the PATH.
这让我担心R 实际上默认为为 Jupyter 安装安装的 R。因此，如果有人对此有 cmet，我将不胜感激。