【发布时间】：2019-05-08 19:48:48
【问题描述】：
我在mysql5.6中有一张cdc_bond_valuation表：
+--------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| table_schema | table_name | index_schema | index_name | seq_in_index | column_name | cardinality |
+--------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| ss_product | cdc_bond_valuation | ss_product | IDX_cdc_bond_valuation_Bond_Key | 1 | Bond_Key | 377844 |
| ss_product | cdc_bond_valuation | ss_product | IndexValuateDate | 1 | Valuate_Date | 143025 |
| ss_product | cdc_bond_valuation | ss_product | PRIMARY | 1 | ID | 25315548 |
+--------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
query 1:
SELECT Valuate_Date FROM cdc_bond_valuation WHERE Valuate_Date = 20181203;
query 2:
SELECT ID, Valuate_Date FROM cdc_bond_valuation WHERE Valuate_Date = 20181203;
query 3:
SELECT Bond_Key FROM cdc_bond_valuation WHERE Valuate_Date = 20181203;
query 4:
SELECT Bond_Key,Valuate_Date FROM cdc_bond_valuation WHERE Valuate_Date = 20181203;
explain 1:
mysql> explain SELECT Valuate_Date FROM cdc_bond_valuation WHERE Valuate_Date = 20181203;
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | cdc_bond_valuation | ref | IndexValuateDate | IndexValuateDate | 5 | const | 98156 | Using index |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------------+
1 row in set
explain 2:
mysql> explain SELECT ID,Valuate_Date FROM cdc_bond_valuation WHERE Valuate_Date = 20181203;
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | cdc_bond_valuation | ref | IndexValuateDate | IndexValuateDate | 5 | const | 98156 | Using index |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------------+
1 row in set
explain 3:
mysql> explain SELECT Bond_Key FROM cdc_bond_valuation WHERE Valuate_Date = 20181203;
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | cdc_bond_valuation | ref | IndexValuateDate | IndexValuateDate | 5 | const | 98156 | NULL |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------+
1 row in set
explain 4:
mysql> explain SELECT Bond_Key,Valuate_Date FROM cdc_bond_valuation WHERE Valuate_Date = 20181203;
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | cdc_bond_valuation | ref | IndexValuateDate | IndexValuateDate | 5 | const | 98156 | NULL |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+------------------+------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------+
1 row in set
mysql> select table_schema,
table_name,
index_schema,
index_name,
seq_in_index,
column_name,
cardinality
from information_schema.statistics
where table_name = 'cdc_bond_valuation'
order by table_schema, table_name, index_name, seq_in_index;
+--------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| table_schema | table_name | index_schema | index_name | seq_in_index | column_name | cardinality |
+--------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
| ss_product | cdc_bond_valuation | ss_product | IDX_cdc_bond_valuation_Bond_Key | 1 | Bond_Key | 377844 |
| ss_product | cdc_bond_valuation | ss_product | IndexValuateDate | 1 | Valuate_Date | 143025 |
| ss_product | cdc_bond_valuation | ss_product | PRIMARY | 1 | ID | 25315548 |
+--------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+
3 rows in set
mysql>
如上表有4个查询，它们都使用索引IndexValuateDate，但是查询1和2非常快（不到1秒），但查询3和4非常慢（超过1000秒）。
我注意到 1 和 2 只是使用索引来反馈查询（ID 是主键，Valuate_Date 是索引）。 3 和 4 首先使用 Value_Date 上的索引来过滤表，然后返回表获取具有 rowid 的列？为什么不直接使用像 1 和 2 这样的索引，因为 Bond_Key 也被索引了？
【问题讨论】：
-
列类型：Value_Date decimal(8,0)
-
查询优化器必须使用统计和启发式方法来确定是否应该使用索引。您是否尝试过使用 OPTIMIZE TABLE 更新这些统计信息？
-
还没有。 OPTIMIZE 很贵，我们还没试过。
-
@EnricoDias - 对于 InnoDB，
ANALYZE TABLE会更新统计信息。但是，OPTIMIZE和ANALYZE很少需要。如果在这种情况下有帮助，那只是巧合。 -
我认为
WHERE之后的 SQL 匹配列，如表列的顺序是 id、name、date。使用*查询将比id, name, date更快，因为SQL 将从表中获取值，然后将它们与SELECT中的顺序匹配，类似地，当WHERE和SELECT中的列相同时，即date查询采取较少时间，因为它的值已经被获取，然后首先获取日期匹配的值，然后获取name的值。我不是 SQL 开发人员，只是我的解释。
标签： mysql performance indexing explain