我以不同的风格编写了自己的递归括号生成器。它基本上构建了一个字符串,但在每次递归调用时,都会创建一个新字符串,以便回溯是正确的。我希望有人觉得它有帮助。
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class GenerateParentheses {
// N: The max number of matching parentheses. This value does not change.
// usedL, usedR : Number of left and right parentheses already used in 'current' string.
// current: the current string being built.
// depth: recursion depth, used for pretty-printing
public static void generate(int N, int usedL, int usedR, String current, List<String> result, int depth) {
System.out.printf("%susedL=%d, usedR=%d, current='%s'\n",
getIndentation(depth), usedL, usedR, current);
if (usedL == N && usedR == N) {
// We've used up all the available parentheses (up to N),
// so add the current built string to the result.
result.add(current);
return;
}
if (usedL < N) {
// Add another left parenthesis "(".
String newCurrent = current + "(";
generate(N, usedL + 1, usedR, newCurrent, result, depth+1);
}
if (usedR < N && usedL > usedR) {
// Add another right parenthesis ")" if there are already
// used left parentheses.
String newCurrent = current + ")";
generate(N, usedL, usedR + 1, newCurrent, result, depth+1);
}
}
// Utility function used for pretty-printing.
private static String getIndentation(int depth) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
sb.append(" ");
}
return sb.toString();
}
public static void main(String argv[]) {
int N = 3;
int usedL = 0;
int usedR = 0;
String current = "";
List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
int depth = 0;
generate(N, usedL, usedR, current, result, depth);
for (String s : result) {
System.out.printf("%s\n", s);
}
}
}
这是输出:
usedL=0, usedR=0, current=''
usedL=1, usedR=0, current='('
usedL=2, usedR=0, current='(('
usedL=3, usedR=0, current='((('
usedL=3, usedR=1, current='((()'
usedL=3, usedR=2, current='((())'
usedL=3, usedR=3, current='((()))'
usedL=2, usedR=1, current='(()'
usedL=3, usedR=1, current='(()('
usedL=3, usedR=2, current='(()()'
usedL=3, usedR=3, current='(()())'
usedL=2, usedR=2, current='(())'
usedL=3, usedR=2, current='(())('
usedL=3, usedR=3, current='(())()'
usedL=1, usedR=1, current='()'
usedL=2, usedR=1, current='()('
usedL=3, usedR=1, current='()(('
usedL=3, usedR=2, current='()(()'
usedL=3, usedR=3, current='()(())'
usedL=2, usedR=2, current='()()'
usedL=3, usedR=2, current='()()('
usedL=3, usedR=3, current='()()()'
((()))
(()())
(())()
()(())
()()()