如何在 MacOS 上安装 OpenJPEG，用于 JP2 文件和 Pillow

Question

有一些类似的问题here 尤其是here，但它们并没有深入我所寻求的细节。

我正在尝试使用枕头读取和编辑 JP2（又名 JPEG2000）文件。我的代码在下面，我想我还没有安装 OpenJPEG 库，因为我收到错误 module 'PIL._imaging' has no attribute 'jpeg2k_decoder'。所以，我相信我需要安装 OpenJPEG。因为我是系统安装（不包含在虚拟环境中）并且说明是零碎的，我希望获得更多信息。

Pillow's documentation 表示：

要启用 JPEG 2000 支持，您需要在构建 Python 图像库之前构建并安装 OpenJPEG 库（版本 2.0.0 或更高版本）。

OpenJPEG 的install instructions 不是很清楚，但似乎还需要安装cmake。我到处看到的一般建议是卸载枕头，安装 OpenJPEG 库，然后重新安装枕头。而且我看到人们经常不得不进行故障排除，因为枕头的重新安装有时不会选择新的库。

我希望那些在 Mac 上经历过这个过程的人可以就一些细节提出建议：

1. 安装 OpenJPEG 似乎需要 cmake。 https://cmake.org/install/ 的说明是否足够？
2. OpenJPEG instructions 似乎不完整。有没有人制定了更容易遵循的分步说明？

返回错误的代码：

from PIL import Image
import urllib.request
from io import BytesIO

url = 'https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/data/batches/dlc_golf_ver01/data/sn84025891/100493731/1901082401/0132.jp2'
img_raw = requests.get(url)    
img = Image.open(BytesIO(img_raw.content))
display(img)


------ Outputs an error including: -------
AttributeError: module 'PIL._imaging' has no attribute 'jpeg2k_decoder'

谢谢！

Answer 1

恕我直言，在 ma​​cOS（例如 OpenJPEG）下管理软件包的最简单方法是使用 homebrew。

你只需要：

brew install openjpeg

搜索包含“jp”的可用包：

brew search jp  

样本输出

==> Formulae
jp              jpdfbookmarks   jpeg-archive    jpeg-xl ✔       jpegoptim       mjpegtools      openjpeg ✔      recoverjpeg
jp2a            jpeg ✔          jpeg-turbo ✔    jpeginfo        jpegrescan      mozjpeg         pjproject

通过以下方式获取有关包的信息：

brew info openjpeg

样本输出

openjpeg: stable 2.4.0 (bottled), HEAD
Library for JPEG-2000 image manipulation
https://www.openjpeg.org/
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0 (523 files, 13.6MB) *
  Poured from bottle on 2021-11-25 at 16:35:14
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/HEAD/Formula/openjpeg.rb
License: BSD-2-Clause
==> Dependencies
Build: cmake ✘, doxygen ✘
Required: libpng ✔, libtiff ✔, little-cms2 ✔
==> Options
--HEAD
    Install HEAD version
==> Analytics
install: 82,101 (30 days), 247,510 (90 days), 1,217,811 (365 days)
install-on-request: 1,835 (30 days), 5,246 (90 days), 20,835 (365 days)
build-error: 0 (30 days)

检查包中有哪些文件：

brew ls openjpeg

样本输出

/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/bin/opj_compress
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/bin/opj_decompress
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/bin/opj_dump
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/include/openjpeg-2.4/ (3 files)
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/lib/libopenjp2.2.4.0.dylib
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/lib/openjpeg-2.4/ (3 files)
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/lib/pkgconfig/libopenjp2.pc
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/lib/ (3 other files)
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/share/doc/ (497 files)
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjpeg/2.4.0/share/man/ (4 files)

---

检查 PIL 的配置方式：

python3 -m PIL        # or use "pythonXXX -m PIL" if that's how you start Python

样本输出

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Pillow 9.0.1
Python 3.10.0 (v3.10.0:b494f5935c, Oct  4 2021, 14:59:19) [Clang 12.0.5 (clang-1205.0.22.11)]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Python modules loaded from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/PIL
Binary modules loaded from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/PIL
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--- PIL CORE support ok, compiled for 9.0.1
--- TKINTER support ok, loaded 8.6
--- FREETYPE2 support ok, loaded 2.11.1
--- LITTLECMS2 support ok, loaded 2.13
--- WEBP support ok, loaded 1.2.2
--- WEBP Transparency support ok
--- WEBPMUX support ok
--- WEBP Animation support ok
--- JPEG support ok, compiled for libjpeg-turbo 2.1.2
--- OPENJPEG (JPEG2000) support ok, loaded 2.4.0
--- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support ok, loaded 1.2.11
--- LIBTIFF support ok, loaded 4.2.0
*** RAQM (Bidirectional Text) support not installed
*** LIBIMAGEQUANT (Quantization method) support not installed
--- XCB (X protocol) support ok
--------------------------------------------------------------------
BLP
Extensions: .blp
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
BMP image/bmp
Extensions: .bmp
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
BUFR
Extensions: .bufr
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
CUR
Extensions: .cur
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
DCX
Extensions: .dcx
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
DDS
Extensions: .dds
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
DIB image/bmp
Extensions: .dib
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
EPS application/postscript
Extensions: .eps, .ps
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
FITS
Extensions: .fit, .fits
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
FLI
Extensions: .flc, .fli
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
FTEX
Extensions: .ftc, .ftu
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
GBR
Extensions: .gbr
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
GIF image/gif
Extensions: .gif
Features: open, save, save_all
--------------------------------------------------------------------
GRIB
Extensions: .grib
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
HDF5
Extensions: .h5, .hdf
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ICNS image/icns
Extensions: .icns
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ICO image/x-icon
Extensions: .ico
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
IM
Extensions: .im
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
IMT
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
IPTC
Extensions: .iim
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
JPEG image/jpeg
Extensions: .jfif, .jpe, .jpeg, .jpg
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
JPEG2000 image/jp2
Extensions: .j2c, .j2k, .jp2, .jpc, .jpf, .jpx
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
MCIDAS
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
MPEG video/mpeg
Extensions: .mpeg, .mpg
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
MSP
Extensions: .msp
Features: open, save, decode
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PCD
Extensions: .pcd
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PCX image/x-pcx
Extensions: .pcx
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PIXAR
Extensions: .pxr
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PNG image/png
Extensions: .apng, .png
Features: open, save, save_all
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PPM image/x-portable-anymap
Extensions: .pbm, .pgm, .pnm, .ppm
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PSD image/vnd.adobe.photoshop
Extensions: .psd
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
SGI image/sgi
Extensions: .bw, .rgb, .rgba, .sgi
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
SPIDER
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUN
Extensions: .ras
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
TGA image/x-tga
Extensions: .icb, .tga, .vda, .vst
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
TIFF image/tiff
Extensions: .tif, .tiff
Features: open, save, save_all
--------------------------------------------------------------------
WEBP image/webp
Extensions: .webp
Features: open, save, save_all
--------------------------------------------------------------------
WMF
Extensions: .emf, .wmf
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
XBM image/xbm
Extensions: .xbm
Features: open, save
--------------------------------------------------------------------
XPM image/xpm
Extensions: .xpm
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------
XVTHUMB
Features: open
--------------------------------------------------------------------