无法在同一个图形 MATPLOTLIB 上重新绘制图形

Question

首先我要感谢一位用户@j_4321，他在这个问题上帮助了我很多How to plot an automatic graph using mouse without clicking MATPLOTLIB。

我很理解你的方法，但是我想用函数来做这个方法只是为了熟悉python。

但是使用这种方法，每次移动鼠标时，都会弹出一个新图形，我想做的是在同一个图形上重新绘制。

这是我的代码：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
import os
from readgssi import readgssi

# data
Data = []
xData = []
xAxes = []


def readDZT():
    global xAxes, Data
    file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
    file_name, file_extension = os.path.splitext(file_path)

    if file_extension == '.DZT':
        messagebox.showinfo("INFO", "Your DZT File Has Been Selected Successfully")
        hdr, arrs, gps = readgssi.readgssi(infile=file_path, verbose=True)

        Samples = hdr['rh_nsamp']

        X_Axes = np.array(range(0, Samples))
        xAxes = X_Axes[2::1]
        df = pd.DataFrame(arrs[0])
        Data = df.iloc[2::1, 0::1]
        fig1 = plt.figure()
        # clear plots
        plt.clf()
        # plot 2D map
        plt.imshow(Data, aspect='auto', cmap='bone')
        plt.connect('motion_notify_event', mouse_move)
        fig1.canvas.draw_idle()
        plt.show()

    else:
        messagebox.showwarning("WARNING", "You Have Been Selected a Different Format")


def mouse_move(event):
    x = event.xdata
    print(x)
    if len(Data) and x is not None:  # there is something to plot
        fig2 = plt.figure()
        plt.clf()
        x = int(x)
        plt.plot(xAxes, Data[x])
        fig2.canvas.draw_idle()
        plt.show()


root = tk.Tk()
root.title("IHM")
root.geometry("1000x800")

Resources_frame = tk.LabelFrame(root, bd=2, relief=tk.GROOVE, text="Conversion Area")
Resources_frame.place(x=5, y=5, width=250, height=80)

tk.Label(Resources_frame, text="Select your File ").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Label(Resources_frame, text="Convert Selected file ").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W)

btn_rs = tk.Button(Resources_frame, relief=tk.GROOVE, padx=8, pady=1, text="Browse",
                   command=readDZT).grid(row=0, column=1)

root.mainloop()

你有什么建议吗？

Answer 1

之所以每次移动鼠标都会弹出一个新图形，是因为移动鼠标会触发mouse_move()，在这个函数内部，你用fig2 = plt.figure()创建了一个新图形。

为避免这种情况，您可以在函数之外创建两个图形。但是，当您绘制图形时，您必须将 plt.imshow 替换为 ax1.imshow 和 plt.plot 替换为 ax2.plot 才能获得右图中的图形。而且plt.clf() 必须替换为ax1.clear()/ax2.clear()。

最后，您可以从mouse_move() 中删除plt.show()，因为matplotlib 事件循环已经在运行（在readDZT() 中调用）。只要显示绘图，对plt.show() 的调用就会冻结 tkinter GUI，因此我还在readDZT() 中添加了root.update_idletasks()，以使消息框在启动matplotlib 的事件循环之前消失。

这里是完整的代码：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
import os
from readgssi import readgssi

# data
Data = []
xData = []
xAxes = []

# create plots
fig1 = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig1.add_subplot(111)
fig2 = plt.figure()
ax2 = fig2.add_subplot(111)

def readDZT():
    global xAxes, Data
    file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
    file_name, file_extension = os.path.splitext(file_path)

    if file_extension == '.DZT':
        messagebox.showinfo("INFO", "Your DZT File Has Been Selected Successfully")
        hdr, arrs, gps = readgssi.readgssi(infile=file_path, verbose=True)

        Samples = hdr['rh_nsamp']

        X_Axes = np.array(range(0, Samples))
        xAxes = X_Axes[2::1]
        df = pd.DataFrame(arrs[0])
        Data = df.iloc[2::1, 0::1]
        # clear plots
        ax1.clear()
        ax2.clear()
        # plot 2D map in ax1
        ax1.imshow(Data, aspect='auto', cmap='bone')
        fig1.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', mouse_move)
        fig1.canvas.draw_idle()
        fig2.canvas.draw_idle()
        # force update of tkinter GUI before launching matplotlib's event loop
        root.update_idletasks()
        plt.show()
    else:
        messagebox.showwarning("WARNING", "You Have Been Selected a Different Format")


def mouse_move(event):
    x = event.xdata
    print(x)
    if len(Data) and x is not None:  # there is something to plot
        ax2.clear()  # clear second plot
        x = int(x)
        ax2.plot(xAxes, Data[x])  # plot slice in ax2
        fig2.canvas.draw_idle()

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("IHM")
root.geometry("1000x800")

Resources_frame = tk.LabelFrame(root, bd=2, relief=tk.GROOVE, text="Conversion Area")
Resources_frame.place(x=5, y=5, width=250, height=80)

tk.Label(Resources_frame, text="Select your File ").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Label(Resources_frame, text="Convert Selected file ").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W)

btn_rs = tk.Button(Resources_frame, relief=tk.GROOVE, padx=8, pady=1, text="Browse",
                   command=readDZT).grid(row=0, column=1)

root.mainloop()