今天研究阿里云服务数据库的迁移，备份和还原的时候，在阿里云web后台发现了一个很好用的sql脚本,就默默地偷了过来，它可以支持全量备份，差异备份和日志备份，代码解释也都很清楚，我也尝试着跑了一下，性能也还是蛮不错的，本地电脑运行压缩后1个多G的数据备份用了二十多秒
我们可以将下面代码放到SQL作业里面，然后定期的去做全量和差异的备份，这不免也算是一种不错的数据库备份方案了，当然这种备份功能完全可以用SqlServer自带的数据库维护计划功能代替，而且阿里云等类似的云数据库都是会提供数据备份服务的，不需要开发人员自己做数据备份。
代码如下，如果有用阿里云服务器的码友可以直接到用户后台下载最新源码
USE master GO /** * author: * jianming.wjm@alibaba-inc.com of Alibaba Cloud Team. * * @purpose: * Backup your databases to local directory (no matter destination folder exist or not). * You can personal your backup type, support three backup types include(FULL, DIFF, LOG). * This script also support just check to see details or run directly. * * if you find something happen unhappy, please kindly tell us via the author email. thanks. * * @usage: * Copy all the script (ctrl + a) into SSMS, fill out the public variables and then F5 or Execute it. * * @parameters: * @backup_databases_list: databases list needed to backup * @backup_type: which backup type needed, choice one of [\'FULL\', \'DIFF\', \'LOG\'] * @backup_folder: where backup files located * @is_run: I want to run or just check, 1: run; 0: just check. * * @version: * 1.0.0, 2018/03/02 15:20: Create script. * * @Tips: * We\'d like to advice you to change your databases to FULL recovery model to improve migrate to RDS. * example: ALTER DATABASE [db_simple] SET RECOVERY FULL WITH NO_WAIT * pay attention to the SSMS output messages, and correct the error if have any. **/ SET NOCOUNT ON -- declare public variables DECLARE @backup_databases_list NVARCHAR(max), @backup_type SYSNAME, @backup_folder SYSNAME, @is_run TINYINT ; -- YOU HAVE TO INIT PUBLIC VARIABLES HERE!!!! SELECT /** * Databases list needed to backup, delimiter is ; or , * empty(\'\') or null: means all databases excluding system database * example: \'[testdb];TestDR,Test,readonly\' **/ @backup_databases_list = N\'[TestA];[TestB],readonly,Test\', @backup_type = N\'FULL\', -- Backup Type? FULL: FULL backup; DIFF: Differential backup; LOG: Log backup @backup_folder = N\'C:\BACKUP\', -- Backup folder to store backup files. @is_run = 1 -- Check or run? 1, run directly; 0, just check ; -- variables checking IF @backup_type NOT IN(N\'FULL\', N\'DIFF\', N\'LOG\') BEGIN RAISERROR(\'Backup type %s is not supported!\', 16, 1, @backup_type) RETURN END ; IF ISNULL(@backup_folder, N\'\') = N\'\' BEGIN RAISERROR(\'backup_folder is not allow empty!\', 16, 1) RETURN END IF @is_run NOT IN(0, 1) BEGIN RAISERROR(\'is_run parameter should be 0 or 1 !\', 16, 1) RETURN END -- declare private variables DECLARE @database_name SYSNAME, @database_state TINYINT, @database_state_desc NVARCHAR(60), @database_count INT, @database_do INT, @flag_edition BIT, @exec_sql NVARCHAR(MAX), @timestamp VARCHAR(20), @context_info VARCHAR(20), @backup_databases_list_XML XML ; -- private variables init. SELECT @database_name = N\'\', @database_state = 11, @database_state_desc = N\'\', @database_count = 0, @database_do = 1, @flag_edition = CASE WHEN CONVERT(sysname, SERVERPROPERTY(N\'Edition\')) LIKE N\'Enterprise%\' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END, @exec_sql = N\'\', @timestamp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(19), GETDATE(),120), N\'-\', N\'\'), N\':\', N\'\'), CHAR(32), N\'\'), @backup_folder = CASE WHEN RIGHT(@backup_folder, 1) = N\'\\' THEN @backup_folder ELSE @backup_folder + N\'\\' END, @context_info = N\'0x1256698449\', @backup_databases_list_XML = N\'<V><![CDATA[\' + REPLACE( REPLACE( REPLACE( REPLACE( REPLACE( REPLACE( @backup_databases_list, \'[\', \'\' ), \']\', \'\' ), \';\', \',\' ),CHAR(10),\']]></V><V><![CDATA[\' ),\',\',\']]></V><V><![CDATA[\' ),CHAR(13),\']]></V><V><![CDATA[\' ) + \']]></V>\' ; -- temp table declare to save databases splitted IF OBJECT_ID(\'tempdb..#tmp_databases\', \'U\') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #tmp_databases CREATE TABLE #tmp_databases( RowId INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, Database_name SYSNAME ) ; -- get databases name IF ISNULL(@backup_databases_list, N\'\') > N\'\' BEGIN INSERT INTO #tmp_databases SELECT DISTINCT [Database_name] = T.C.value(\'(./text())[1]\',\'sysname\') FROM @backup_databases_list_XML.nodes(\'./V\') AS T(C) WHERE T.C.value(\'(./text())[1]\',\'sysname\') IS NOT NULL ; END ELSE BEGIN INSERT INTO #tmp_databases SELECT DISTINCT name FROM sys.databases WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE name NOT IN (N\'master\', N\'tempdb\', N\'model\', N\'msdb\', N\'distribution\') END -- decalre cursor to loop each database. DECLARE CUR_DatabaseList CURSOR LOCAL STATIC FORWARD_ONLY READ_ONLY FOR SELECT DISTINCT name, state, state_desc FROM sys.databases WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE name IN(SELECT [Database_name] FROM #tmp_databases) -- Open cursor and get the rowcount OPEN CUR_DatabaseList FETCH NEXT FROM CUR_DatabaseList INTO @database_name, @database_state, @database_state_desc SET @database_count = @@CURSOR_ROWS; -- prepare folder on local host. IF @database_count > 0 BEGIN EXEC sys.xp_create_subdir @backup_folder END WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN -- contact the backup script for each backup type. SET @exec_sql = CASE WHEN @backup_type = N\'FULL\' THEN N\'BACKUP DATABASE \' + QUOTENAME(@database_name) + N\' TO DISK = N\' + QUOTENAME(@backup_folder + @database_name + N\'_\' + @backup_type + N\'_\' + @timestamp + N\'.bak\', \'\'\'\') + N\' WITH STATS = 1\' + CASE WHEN @flag_edition = 1 THEN N\', COMPRESSION;\' ELSE N\';\' END WHEN @backup_type = N\'DIFF\' THEN N\'BACKUP DATABASE \' + QUOTENAME(@database_name) + N\' TO DISK = N\' + QUOTENAME(@backup_folder + @database_name + N\'_\' + @backup_type + N\'_\' + @timestamp + N\'.bak\', \'\'\'\') + N\' WITH DIFFERENTIAL, STATS = 1\' + CASE WHEN @flag_edition = 1 THEN N\', COMPRESSION;\' ELSE N\';\' END WHEN @backup_type = N\'LOG\' THEN N\'BACKUP LOG \' + QUOTENAME(@database_name) + N\' TO DISK = N\' + QUOTENAME(@backup_folder + @database_name + N\'_\' + @backup_type + N\'_\' + @timestamp + N\'.bak\', \'\'\'\') + N\' WITH STATS = 1\' + CASE WHEN @flag_edition = 1 THEN N\', COMPRESSION;\' ELSE N\';\' END ELSE N\'\' END ; RAISERROR(\'--==============%d/%d: Working on database: %s\', 10, 1, @database_do , @database_count, @database_name) WITH NOWAIT; --Only online database can be Backup. IF @database_state = 0 BEGIN RAISERROR(\'-- %s\', 10, 1, @exec_sql) WITH NOWAIT; IF @is_run = 1 BEGIN SET @exec_sql = N\'SET CONTEXT_INFO \' + @context_info + N\';\' + @exec_sql ; EXEC sys.sp_executesql @exec_sql END END ELSE BEGIN RAISERROR(\'-- database %s state: %s can\'\'t be backup, skipped.\', 10, 1, @database_name, @database_state_desc) WITH NOWAIT; END SET @database_do = @database_do + 1; FETCH NEXT FROM CUR_DatabaseList INTO @database_name, @database_state, @database_state_desc END -- close and release cursor. CLOSE CUR_DatabaseList DEALLOCATE CUR_DatabaseList GO
还有一点需要注意的是阿里云云数据库RDS是不支持数据库直接操作还原的，在云数据库上操作还原数据库会报如下错误
那么我们如何在阿里云数据库还原数据呢？人家阿里云爸爸也提供了相应的解决方案——OSS备份数据恢复,它可以将指定数据库文件还原到云数据库
相关功能可以参考链接 https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/68310.html