python从数据库取数据后写入excel 使用pandas.ExcelWriter设置单元格格式

用python从数据库中取到数据后，写入excel中做成自动报表，ExcelWrite默认的格式一般来说都比较丑，但workbook提供可以设置自定义格式，简单记录个demo，供初次使用者参考。

一、 取几列数据长下面这样，数字我随便编的，不用在意：

 

二、ExcelWriter写入后默认格式长下面这样，字体丑，宽度不够，没有百分比格式：

 

三、设置格式后保存结果，好看多了：

 

四、好了，实现在下面代码里有注释

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import pandas as pd
import sys

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding(\'utf8\')
from mlutil.database import MySQLDB
from datetime import datetime, timedelta


def report():
    # 1.取数据
    m = MySQLDB(\'/data/wowo/password.p\', \'mysql\')
    m.connect()
    df1 = pd.DataFrame(m.query(\'select * from table1\'))
    df1 = df1[[u\'app_date\',
               u\'cust_cnt\',
               u\'app_cnt\',
               u\'overdue_amt\',
               u\'overdue_rate\',
               ]]
    df1.sort_values(by=\'app_date\', ascending=False, inplace=True)
    df1 = df1.set_index(u\'app_date\')
    df1.loc[u\'全部\'] = df1.apply(lambda x: x.sum())

    df1.columns = [u\'人数\',
                   u\'交易数\',
                   u\'逾期金额\',
                   u\'逾期率\']
    df1 = df1.reset_index()

    # 2.保存至excel文件
    t = datetime.now().date() - timedelta(days=1)
    writer = pd.ExcelWriter(
        u\'/home/wowo/daily_report/测试_%d%02d%02d.xlsx\' % (t.year, t.month, t.day))
    workbook = writer.book

    # 3.设置格式
    fmt = workbook.add_format({"font_name": u"微软雅黑"})
    percent_fmt = workbook.add_format({\'num_format\': \'0.00%\'})
    amt_fmt = workbook.add_format({\'num_format\': \'#,##0\'})
    border_format = workbook.add_format({\'border\': 1})
    note_fmt = workbook.add_format(
        {\'bold\': True, \'font_name\': u\'微软雅黑\', \'font_color\': \'red\', \'align\': \'left\', \'valign\': \'vcenter\'})
    date_fmt = workbook.add_format({\'bold\': False, \'font_name\': u\'微软雅黑\', \'num_format\': \'yyyy-mm-dd\'})

    date_fmt1 = workbook.add_format(
        {\'bold\': True, \'font_size\': 10, \'font_name\': u\'微软雅黑\', \'num_format\': \'yyyy-mm-dd\', \'bg_color\': \'#9FC3D1\',
         \'valign\': \'vcenter\', \'align\': \'center\'})
    highlight_fmt = workbook.add_format({\'bg_color\': \'#FFD7E2\', \'num_format\': \'0.00%\'})

    # 4.写入excel
    l_end = len(df1.index) + 2
    df1.to_excel(writer, sheet_name=u\'测试页签\', encoding=\'utf8\', header=False, index=False, startcol=0, startrow=2)
    worksheet1 = writer.sheets[u\'测试页签\']
    for col_num, value in enumerate(df1.columns.values):
        worksheet1.write(1, col_num, value, date_fmt1)

    # 5.生效单元格格式
    # 增加个表格说明
    worksheet1.merge_range(\'A1:B1\', u\'测试情况统计表\', note_fmt)
    # 设置列宽
    worksheet1.set_column(\'A:E\', 15, fmt)
    # 有条件设定表格格式：金额列
    worksheet1.conditional_format(\'B3:E%d\' % l_end, {\'type\': \'cell\', \'criteria\': \'>=\', \'value\': 1, \'format\': amt_fmt})
    # 有条件设定表格格式：百分比
    worksheet1.conditional_format(\'E3:E%d\' % l_end,
                                  {\'type\': \'cell\', \'criteria\': \'<=\', \'value\': 0.1, \'format\': percent_fmt})
    # 有条件设定表格格式：高亮百分比
    worksheet1.conditional_format(\'E3:E%d\' % l_end,
                                  {\'type\': \'cell\', \'criteria\': \'>\', \'value\': 0.1, \'format\': highlight_fmt})
    # 加边框
    worksheet1.conditional_format(\'A1:E%d\' % l_end, {\'type\': \'no_blanks\', \'format\': border_format})
    # 设置日期格式
    worksheet1.conditional_format(\'A3:A62\', {\'type\': \'no_blanks\', \'format\': date_fmt})

    # 6.保存
    writer.save()


if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    report()