Python执行系统命令的方法
Python执行系统命令的方法 http://www.linux-field.com/?p=15
Python中执行系统命令常见方法有两种：两者均需 import os
os.system
仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令，而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息
system(command) -> exit_status
Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.
- 如果再命令行下执行，结果直接打印出来
>>> os.system(\'ls\') 04101419778.CHM bash document media py-django video 11.wmv books downloads Pictures python all-20061022 Desktop Examples project tools
os.popen
该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象
popen(command [, mode=\'r\' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
例如：
>>>tmp = os.popen(\'ls *.py\').readlines() >>>tmp Out[21]: [\'dump_db_pickle.py \', \'dump_db_pickle_recs.py \', \'dump_db_shelve.py \', \'initdata.py \', \'__init__.py \', \'make_db_pickle.py \', \'make_db_pickle_recs.py \', \'make_db_shelve.py \', \'peopleinteract_query.py \', \'reader.py \', \'testargv.py \', \'teststreams.py \', \'update_db_pickle.py \', \'writer.py \']
好处在于：将返回的结果赋于一变量，便于程序的处理。
使用模块subprocess
- Python中subprocess学习: http://blog.csdn.net/imzoer/article/details/8678029
>>> import subprocess >>> subprocess.call(["cmd", "arg1", "arg2"],shell=True)
获取返回和输出:
import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen(\'ls\', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
for line in p.stdout.readlines():
print line,
retval = p.wait()
使用模块commands模块
>>> import commands
>>> dir(commands)
[\'__all__\', \'__builtins__\', \'__doc__\', \'__file__\', \'__name__\', \'getoutput\', \'getstatus\',\'getstatusoutput\', \'mk2arg\', \'mkarg\']
>>> commands.getoutput("date")
\'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009\'
>>>
>>> commands.getstatusoutput("date")
(0, \'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009\')
注意： 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字，那么建议使用subprocess，如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./test1.py", line 56, in <module>
main()
File "./test1.py", line 45, in main
fax.sendFax()
File "./mailfax/Fax.py", line 13, in sendFax
os.popen(cmd)
UnicodeEncodeError: \'ascii\' codec can\'t encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not inrange(128)