Python编程快速上手----让繁琐的工作自动化（1. python编程基础）

python工具：pycharm配置以及使用

http://blog.csdn.net/hk2291976/article/details/51141868

一.python基础

1.数字运算符

2**3 指数 =8 
22%8 取余 =6 
22//8 整除 =2 
22/8 除法 =2.75 
3*5 乘法 =15 

2.数据类型

整型             -2，0，3
浮点型           -3.5， 0.0，  8.9
字符串型        ‘qq\',  \'HELLO!\', \'11CAT\'

3.字符串连接和复制

>>> \'Alice\'+\'Bob\'
\'AliceBob\'
>>> \'Alice\'*3
\'AliceAliceAlice\'

4.变量名规则

不允许：
中划线
空格
数字开头
特殊字符$\'
python常用变量名：
小写字母开头

5.常用函数

>>> myname=input()     #这里是注释：输入#
liujiao
>>> print(\'Nice to meet you, myname is \' + myname)#输出#
Nice to meet you, myname is liujiao
>>> spam=input()
100
>>> spam #输入为字符串#
\'100\'
>>> len(\'hello\') #字符串长度#
5
>>> str(29)#整数转变为字符串#
\'29\'
>>> int(\'42\')#字符串转变为整型#
42
>>> float(\'3\')#整数转变为浮点数#
3.0
>>> int(7.7))#浮点数转变为整数#
7

二.控制流

 1.布尔值，比较操作符

>>>#==和！=用于所有数据类型的比较#
>>> 44==88
False
>>> \'hello\'==\'Hello\'
False
>>> 23==23.0
True
>>> 23==\'23.0\'
False
>>> 2!=3
True
>>> \'cat\'!=\'dog\'
True
>>>#<和>和<=和>=用于整型和浮点型#

2.布尔操作符

>>> True and True
True
>>> True and False
False
>>> True or False
True
>>> False or False
False
>>> not True
False

3.混合布尔和比较操作符 

>>> (4<5) and (5<6)
True
>>> (4<5) and (5<6) or (not 2+2==4)
True

4.if/elseif/else

>>> name = \'Bob\'
>>> age = 5
>>> if name ==\'Alice\':
    print(\'Hi,Alice\')
elif age<12:
    print(\'hi\')
else:
    print(\'hello\')

hi

5.while/sys.exit

import sys
while True:　　#当用于条件判断时，0，0.0，‘’（空字符串）被认为是False，其他值被认为是True
    print(\'Type exit to exit.\')
    response = input()
    if response == \'your name\':
        sys.exit()   #退出程序
        #break       #退出循环
    print(\'good job\')
print(\'end\')

6.for/range()

for i in range(5):
    print(\'i is \' + str(i))

for i in range(10,13):
    print(\'i is \' + str(i))

for i in range(10,20,5):
    print(\'i is \' + str(i))

三.函数

 1.print()

>>> spam = print(\'hello\')
hello
>>> None == spam
True
>>> print(\'cat\', \'dog\',\'mice\')
cat dog mice
>>> print(\'cat\', \'dog\',\'mice\', sep=\',\')
cat,dog,mice
>>> print(\'one two three\' + \
... \'four five\')
one two threefour five

2.try/catch

def spam(dividedBy):
    try:
        return 42/dividedBy
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        print(\'Error\')

print(spam(0))
print(spam(2)) #继续执行

输出
Error
None
21.0

def spam(dividedBy):
    return 42/dividedBy

try:
    print(spam(0))
    print(spam(2))  #一旦执行到except语句，就无法返回
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print(\'Error\')

输出
Error

 四.列表

1.一维列表/二维列表/下标/切片

>>> spam=[\'cat\',\'dog\',\'rice\']
>>> spam[0]
\'cat\'
>>> spam[0:2]
[\'cat\', \'dog\']
>>> spam=[[\'cat\',\'dog\',\'rice\'],[10,20,30]]
>>> spam[1][2]
30

2.列表链接和复制

>>> [1,2,3]+[\'a\',\'b\',\'c\']
[1, 2, 3, \'a\', \'b\', \'c\']
>>> [1,2,3]*3
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

3.列表删除

>>> spam=[\'cat\',\'dog\',\'mice\']
>>> del spam[2]
>>> spam
[\'cat\', \'dog\']

4.in/not in操作符

>>> \'cat\' in [\'cat\',\'dog\']
True
>>> \'mice\' not in [\'cat\',\'dog\']
True

5.多重赋值

>>> spam=[\'cat\',\'dog\',\'mice\']
>>> cat,dog,mice=spam
>>> cat
\'cat\'
>>> dog
\'dog\'
>>> mice
\'mice\'

6.列表的其他方法

>>> spam=[\'cat\',\'dog\',\'mice\']
>>> spam.index(\'dog\')
1
>>> spam.append(\'monkey\')
>>> spam
[\'cat\', \'dog\', \'mice\', \'monkey\']
>>> spam.insert(1,\'chicken\')
>>> spam
[\'cat\', \'chicken\', \'dog\', \'mice\', \'monkey\']
>>> spam.remove(\'monkey\')
>>> spam
[\'cat\', \'chicken\', \'dog\', \'mice\']
>>> spam.insert(1,\'chicken\')
>>> spam
[\'cat\', \'chicken\', \'chicken\', \'dog\', \'mice\']
>>> spam.remove(\'chicken\')  #只能删除第一次出现的chichen
>>> spam
[\'cat\', \'chicken\', \'dog\', \'mice\']
>>> spam = [2,5,-9,8]
>>> spam.sort()
>>> spam
[-9, 2, 5, 8]
>>> spam.sort(reverse=True)
>>> spam
[8, 5, 2, -9]

6.字符串和元组

 

五.字典和结构化数据

1.字典的定义

>>> mycat={\'size\':\'fat\',\'color\':\'gray\',\'disposition\':\'loud\'}
>>> mycat[\'size\']
\'fat\'

2.字典与列表

>>> spam=[\'cat\',\'dog\',\'mouse\']
>>> bacon=[\'dog\',\'cat\',\'mouse\']
>>> spam==bacon   #列表是排序的
False
>>> mycat={\'size\':\'fat\',\'color\':\'gray\',\'disposition\':\'loud\'}
>>> hercat={\'color\':\'gray\',\'disposition\':\'loud\',\'size\':\'fat\'}
>>> mycat==hercat  #字典是不排序的
True

3.字典的用法

 1）keys, values,items

>>> mycat={\'size\':\'fat\',\'color\':\'gray\',\'disposition\':\'loud\'}
>>> for k in mycat.keys():
...  print(k)
...
size
color
disposition
>>>
>>>
>>> for v in mycat.values():
...  print(v)
...
fat
gray
loud
>>> for i in mycat.items():
...  print(i)
...
(\'size\', \'fat\')
(\'color\', \'gray\')
(\'disposition\', \'loud\')
>>> list(mycat.keys())
[\'size\', \'color\', \'disposition\']
>>> for k,v in mycat.items():
...  print(\'key:\' + k + \',value:\' + v)
...
key:size,value:fat
key:color,value:gray
key:disposition,value:loud
>>> \'fat\' in mycat.values()
True
>>> \'color\' in mycat.keys()
True

 2)get(), setdefault()

>>> mycat.get(\'color\', \'white\')
\'gray\'
>>> mycat.get(\'colors\', \'white\')
\'white\'
>>> mycat.setdefault(\'width\',8)
8
>>> mycat.setdefault(\'width\',10)
8
>>> mycat
{\'size\': \'fat\', \'color\': \'gray\', \'disposition\': \'loud\', \'width\': 8}

4.嵌套的字典和列表

allGuests = {\'Alice\': {\'apples\': 5, \'bananas\':4},
             \'Bob\': {\'sandwiches\':3, \'apples\':3},
             \'Carol\': {\'cups\':10, \'apple pies\': 9}}
def totalBrought(guests, item):
    numbrought = 0
    for k,v in guests.items():
        numbrought = numbrought + v.get(item, 0)
    return numbrought

print(\'Apples \' + str(totalBrought(allGuests, \'apples\')))
print(\'Cakes \' + str(totalBrought(allGuests, \'cakes\')))


D:\liujiao\python3.6.0\python.exe D:/liujiao/pyCharm/test/test.py
Apples 8
Cakes 0

六.字符串操作

1.处理字符串

>>> spam = \'This is Alice\\'s cat\'
>>> spam
"This is Alice\'s cat"
>>> """This is test python program,
... written by liujiao"""
\'This is test python program,\nwritten by liujiao\'
>>> spam[0]
\'T\'
>>> spam[3:7]
\'s is\'
>>> \'hello\' in \'hello world\'
True
>>> \'HELLO\' in \'hello world\'
False

2.有用的字符串方法

 1）upper(), lower(),isupper(),islower()

>>> spam = \'Hello world\'
>>> spam = spam.lower()
>>> spam
\'hello world\'
>>> spam.upper()
\'HELLO WORLD\'
>>> spam = \'Hello world\'
>>> spam.islower()
False
>>> \'abc1234\'.islower()
True
>>> \'123\'.islower()
False
>>> \'123\'.isupper()
False

 2)isX

 isalpha（）：字符串只包含字母，并且非空。则为true

isalnum（）：字符串只包含字母和数字，并且非空。则为true

isdecimal（）：字符串只包含数字字符，并且非空。则为true

isspace（）：字符串只包含空格，制表符和换行，并且非空。则为true

istitle（）：字符串只包含以大写字母开头，后面都是小写字母的单词。则为true

 3）startswith（），endswith（）

>>> \'hello world\'.startswith(\'hello\')
True
>>> \'hello world\'.endswith(\'world\')
True

 4）join（），split（）

>>> \',\'.join([\'cat\', \'dog\',\'mouse\'])
\'cat,dog,mouse\'
>>>
>>> \'my name is liujiao\'.split()
[\'my\', \'name\', \'is\', \'liujiao\']
>>> \'my name is liujiao\'.split(\'m\')
[\'\', \'y na\', \'e is liujiao\']