python查看模块、对象用法的命令

1. 在终端内输入pydoc+模块名，也就是我们import的那些

smallcaffdeiMac:~ smallcaff$ pydoc time
#######################################
Help on module time:

NAME
    time - This module provides various functions to manipulate time values.

FILE
    /Users/smallcaff/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/time.so

MODULE DOCS
    https://docs.python.org/library/time

DESCRIPTION
    There are two standard representations of time.  One is the number
    of seconds since the Epoch, in UTC (a.k.a. GMT).  It may be an integer
    or a floating point number (to represent fractions of seconds).
    The Epoch is system-defined; on Unix, it is generally January 1st, 1970.
    The actual value can be retrieved by calling gmtime(0).

    The other representation is a tuple of 9 integers giving local time.
    The tuple items are:
      year (four digits, e.g. 1998)
      month (1-12)
      day (1-31)
      hours (0-23)
      minutes (0-59)
      seconds (0-59)
      weekday (0-6, Monday is 0)
      Julian day (day in the year, 1-366)
      DST (Daylight Savings Time) flag (-1, 0 or 1)
    If the DST flag is 0, the time is given in the regular time zone;
    if it is 1, the time is given in the DST time zone;
    if it is -1, mktime() should guess based on the date and time.

    Variables:

    timezone -- difference in seconds between UTC and local standard time
    altzone -- difference in  seconds between UTC and local DST time
:

2. 查看对象所有属性(需要在ipython命令行中)

In [11]: a = [1,2,3]

In [12]: dir(a)
Out[12]:
[\'__add__\',
 \'__class__\',
 \'__contains__\',
 \'__delattr__\',
 \'__delitem__\',
 \'__delslice__\',
 \'__doc__\',
 \'__eq__\',
 \'__format__\',
 \'__ge__\',
 \'__getattribute__\',
 \'__getitem__\',
 \'__getslice__\',
 \'__gt__\',
 \'__hash__\',
 \'__iadd__\',
 \'__imul__\',
 \'__init__\',
 \'__iter__\',
 \'__le__\',
 \'__len__\',
 \'__lt__\',
 \'__mul__\',
 \'__ne__\',
 \'__new__\',
 \'__reduce__\',
 \'__reduce_ex__\',
 \'__repr__\',
 \'__reversed__\',
 \'__rmul__\',
 \'__setattr__\',
 \'__setitem__\',
 \'__setslice__\',
 \'__sizeof__\',
 \'__str__\',
 \'__subclasshook__\',
 \'append\',
 \'count\',
 \'extend\',
 \'index\',
 \'insert\',
 \'pop\',
 \'remove\',
 \'reverse\',
 \'sort\']

3. 查看对象所有属性的详细说明

In [19]: help(a)
####################
Help on list object:

class list(object)
 |  list() -> new empty list
 |  list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable\'s items
 |
 |  Methods defined here:
 |
 |  __add__(...)
 |      x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
 |
 |  __contains__(...)
 |      x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
 |
 |  __delitem__(...)
 |      x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
 |
 |  __delslice__(...)
 |      x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j]
 |
 |      Use of negative indices is not supported.
 |
 |  __eq__(...)
 |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
 |
 |  __ge__(...)
 |      x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
 |
 |  __getattribute__(...)
 |      x.__getattribute__(\'name\') <==> x.name
 |
 |  __getitem__(...)
 |      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
 |
 |  __getslice__(...)
 |      x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
 |
:

4. 查看对象指定的属性

In [13]: help(a.pop)
##############################
Help on built-in function pop:

pop(...)
    L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
    Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
(END)