1. 时间
1.1 python-
import time # 1. python 获取当前时间戳 def get_now_time_stamp(): print("打印当前时间戳: ", time.time()) # 2. python 时间戳 → 时间元祖 def time_stamp_to_time_tuple(): """ 什么是时间元组？ 很多Python函数用一个元组装起来的9组数字处理时间: 序号 字段 值 0 4位数年 2008 1 月 1 到 12 2 日 1到31 3 小时 0到23 4 分钟 0到59 5 秒 0到61 (60或61 是闰秒) 6 一周的第几日 0到6 (0是周一) 7 一年的第几日 1到366 (儒略历) 8 夏令时 -1, 0, 1, -1是决定是否为夏令时的旗帜 上述也就是struct_time元组。这种结构具有如下属性： 序号 属性 值 0 tm_year 2008 1 tm_mon 1 到 12 2 tm_mday 1 到 31 3 tm_hour 0 到 23 4 tm_min 0 到 59 5 tm_sec 0 到 61 (60或61 是闰秒) 6 tm_wday 0到6 (0是周一) 7 tm_yday 一年中的第几天，1 到 366 8 tm_isdst 是否为夏令时，值有：1(夏令时)、0(不是夏令时)、-1(未知)，默认 -1 """ appoint_time_stamp = 1596435291.554837 # 默认当前时间 print("打印当前时间戳转时间元祖: ", time.localtime()) print("打印当前时间戳转时间元祖: ", time.localtime(time.time())) # 指定时间戳 print("打印指定时间戳转时间元祖: ", time.localtime(appoint_time_stamp)) # 3. python 时间戳 → 可视化时间 def time_stamp_to_visualization_time(): appoint_time_stamp = 1596435291.554837 # 默认当前时间戳 print("打印当前时间戳转可视化时间: ", time.ctime()) print("打印当前时间戳转可视化时间: ", time.ctime(time.time())) # 指定时间戳 print("打印指定时间戳转可视化时间: ", time.ctime(appoint_time_stamp)) # 4. python 时间元祖 → 时间戳 def time_tuple_to_time_stamp(time_tuple): print("打印指定时间元祖转时间戳: ", time.mktime(time_tuple)) # 5. python 时间元组 → 可视化时间 def time_tuple_to_visualization_time(time_tuple): print("打印指定时间元祖转可视化时间: ", time.asctime(time_tuple)) print("打印指定时间元祖转可视化时间: ", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time_tuple)) # 6. python 可视化时间（定制） → 时间元祖 def visualization_time_to_time_tuple(visualization_time): print("打印可视化时间转时间元祖:", time.strptime(visualization_time, \'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\')) # 7. 将格式字符串转换为时间戳 def time_str_to_time_stamp(time_str): print("将格式字符串转换为时间戳:", time.mktime(time.strptime(time_str, "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"))) if __name__ == \'__main__\': # 打印当前时间戳 get_now_time_stamp() # 打印时间元祖 time_stamp_to_time_tuple() # 打印可视化时间 time_stamp_to_visualization_time() # 时间元祖转时间戳 time_tuple = (2020, 8, 3, 14, 41, 31, 6, 273, 0) time_tuple_to_time_stamp(time_tuple) # python 时间元组 → 可视化时间 time_tuple_to_visualization_time(time_tuple) # python 可视化时间（定制） → 时间元祖 visualization_time = "2020-08-03 14:41:31" visualization_time_to_time_tuple(visualization_time) # 将格式字符串转换为时间戳 time_str = "Mon Aug 3 15:06:27 2020" time_str_to_time_stamp(time_str)
运行结果：
打印当前时间戳: 1598063513.8829813 打印当前时间戳转时间元祖: time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=22, tm_hour=10, tm_min=31, tm_sec=53, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=235, tm_isdst=0) 打印当前时间戳转时间元祖: time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=22, tm_hour=10, tm_min=31, tm_sec=53, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=235, tm_isdst=0) 打印指定时间戳转时间元祖: time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=14, tm_min=14, tm_sec=51, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=216, tm_isdst=0) 打印当前时间戳转可视化时间: Sat Aug 22 10:31:53 2020 打印当前时间戳转可视化时间: Sat Aug 22 10:31:53 2020 打印指定时间戳转可视化时间: Mon Aug 3 14:14:51 2020 打印指定时间元祖转时间戳: 1596436891.0 打印指定时间元祖转可视化时间: Sun Aug 3 14:41:31 2020 打印指定时间元祖转可视化时间: 2020-08-03 14:41:31 打印可视化时间转时间元祖: time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=14, tm_min=41, tm_sec=31, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=216, tm_isdst=-1) 将格式字符串转换为时间戳: 1596438387.0
1.2 python-字符串与时间之间的转换
# python 字符串转时间 - strptime from datetime import datetime """ 语法： 时间.strftime(时间格式) datetime.strptime(字符串,时间格式) 示范: datetime.strptime(str,\'%Y-%m-%d\') datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"） """ # 字符串转时间 def str_to_datetime(datetime_str, datetime_format): S = datetime.strptime(datetime_str, datetime_format) print(S, type(S)) # 时间转字符串 def datetime_to_str(): dt = datetime.now() S = dt.strftime(\'%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S %p\') print(S, type(S)) S = dt.strftime(\'%A,%B %d,%Y\') print(S, type(S)) s = dt.strftime(\'%B %d,%Y\') print(s, type(s)) txt = (\'%s年%s月%s日星期%s %s时%s分%s秒\' % (dt.strftime(\'%Y\'), dt.strftime(\'%m\'), dt.strftime(\'%d\'), dt.strftime(\'%w\'),dt.strftime(\'%H\'), dt.strftime(\'%M\'), dt.strftime(\'%S\'))) print(txt) if __name__ == \'__main__\': str_to_datetime(\'2020/08/03\', \'%Y/%m/%d\') str_to_datetime(\'2020年8月3日星期一\', \'%Y年%m月%d日星期一\') str_to_datetime(\'2019年7月7日星期日8时42分24秒\', \'%Y年%m月%d日星期日%H时%M分%S秒\') str_to_datetime(\'7/7/2019\', \'%m/%d/%Y\') str_to_datetime(\'2019-07-07\', \'%Y-%m-%d\') str_to_datetime(\'7/7/2019 8:42:50\', \'%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S\') datetime_to_str()
运行结果：
2020-08-03 00:00:00 <class \'datetime.datetime\'> 2020-08-03 00:00:00 <class \'datetime.datetime\'> 2019-07-07 08:42:24 <class \'datetime.datetime\'> 2019-07-07 00:00:00 <class \'datetime.datetime\'> 2019-07-07 00:00:00 <class \'datetime.datetime\'> 2019-07-07 08:42:50 <class \'datetime.datetime\'> 08/22/2020 10:33:51 AM <class \'str\'> Saturday,August 22,2020 <class \'str\'> August 22,2020 <class \'str\'> 2020年08月22日星期6 10时33分51秒
1.3
import time from datetime import datetime, timedelta, date # 获取今日的开始时间和结束时间 def get_today_start_end(): begin_date = datetime.strptime(str(date.today()), "%Y-%m-%d") start_time = begin_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00") end_time = begin_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d 23:59:59") return start_time, end_time # 获取指定日期的时间列表 def get_hour_list(): time_list = [] hour_list = [\'{num:02d}\'.format(num=i) for i in range(24)] for hour in hour_list: start_time = hour + ":00:00" end_time = hour + ":59:59" time_data = { "start_time": start_time, "end_time": end_time, "hour": hour, } time_list.append(time_data) return time_list # 获取今天前days天到今天的日期列表 def get_before_day_list(days): begin_date = (datetime.now() - timedelta(days=days)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d") before_day_list = [] begin_date = datetime.strptime(begin_date, "%Y-%m-%d") end_date = datetime.strptime(time.strftime(\'%Y-%m-%d\', time.localtime(time.time())), "%Y-%m-%d") while begin_date <= end_date: date_str = begin_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") before_day_list.append(date_str) begin_date += timedelta(days=1) return before_day_list # 获取今天到，今天后days天的日期列表 def get_after_day_list(days): begin_date = (datetime.now() + timedelta(days=days)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d") fter_day_list = [] begin_date = datetime.strptime(begin_date, "%Y-%m-%d") end_date = datetime.strptime(time.strftime(\'%Y-%m-%d\', time.localtime(time.time())), "%Y-%m-%d") while begin_date >= end_date: date_str = begin_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") fter_day_list.append(date_str) begin_date -= timedelta(days=1) fter_day_list.reverse() return fter_day_list # 获取当前日期之前的指定天 def get_before_day(days): before = (datetime.now() - timedelta(days=days)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00") before_date = datetime.strptime(before, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") return before_date # 获取当前日期之后的指定天 def get_after_day(days): after = (datetime.now() + timedelta(days=days)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00") after_date = datetime.strptime(after, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") return after_date # 获取两个指定日期之间的日期列表 def get_day_list(start_day, end_day): day_list = [] if isinstance(all([start_day, start_day]), datetime): start_date = start_day end_date = start_day else: start_date = datetime.strptime(start_day, "%Y-%m-%d") end_date = datetime.strptime(end_day, "%Y-%m-%d") while start_date <= end_date: date_str = start_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") day_list.append(date_str) start_date += timedelta(days=1) return day_list if __name__ == \'__main__\': # 获取今日的开始时间和结束时间 print("今天开始时间和结束时间: ", get_today_start_end()) # 获取一天24小时 print("今天24小时时间列表: ", get_hour_list()) # 获取今天前5天包括今天的日期列表 print("今天前5天包括今天的日期列表: ", get_before_day_list(5)) # 获取今天后5天包括今天的日期列表 print("今天后5天包括今天的日期列表: ", get_after_day_list(5)) # 获取当前日期之前的指定天 print("当前日期之前的指定天: ", get_before_day(5)) # 获取当前日期之后的指定天 print("当前日期之后的指定天: ", get_after_day(5)) # 获取两个指定日期的日期列表 print("两个指定日期的日期列表: ", get_day_list(\'2020-07-01\', \'2020-07-31\'))
今天开始时间和结束时间: (\'2020-08-22 00:00:00\', \'2020-08-22 23:59:59\') 今天24小时时间列表: [{\'hour\': \'00\', \'start_time\': \'00:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'00:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'01\', \'start_time\': \'01:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'01:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'02\', \'start_time\': \'02:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'02:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'03\', \'start_time\': \'03:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'03:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'04\', \'start_time\': \'04:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'04:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'05\', \'start_time\': \'05:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'05:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'06\', \'start_time\': \'06:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'06:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'07\', \'start_time\': \'07:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'07:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'08\', \'start_time\': \'08:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'08:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'09\', \'start_time\': \'09:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'09:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'10\', \'start_time\': \'10:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'10:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'11\', \'start_time\': \'11:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'11:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'12\', \'start_time\': \'12:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'12:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'13\', \'start_time\': \'13:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'13:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'14\', \'start_time\': \'14:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'14:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'15\', \'start_time\': \'15:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'15:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'16\', \'start_time\': \'16:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'16:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'17\', \'start_time\': \'17:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'17:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'18\', \'start_time\': \'18:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'18:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'19\', \'start_time\': \'19:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'19:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'20\', \'start_time\': \'20:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'20:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'21\', \'start_time\': \'21:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'21:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'22\', \'start_time\': \'22:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'22:59:59\'}, {\'hour\': \'23\', \'start_time\': \'23:00:00\', \'end_time\': \'23:59:59\'}] 今天前5天包括今天的日期列表: [\'2020-08-17\', \'2020-08-18\', \'2020-08-19\', \'2020-08-20\', \'2020-08-21\', \'2020-08-22\'] 今天后5天包括今天的日期列表: [\'2020-08-22\', \'2020-08-23\', \'2020-08-24\', \'2020-08-25\', \'2020-08-26\', \'2020-08-27\'] 当前日期之前的指定天: 2020-08-17 00:00:00 当前日期之后的指定天: 2020-08-27 00:00:00 两个指定日期的日期列表: [\'2020-07-01\', \'2020-07-02\', \'2020-07-03\', \'2020-07-04\', \'2020-07-05\', \'2020-07-06\', \'2020-07-07\', \'2020-07-08\', \'2020-07-09\', \'2020-07-10\', \'2020-07-11\', \'2020-07-12\', \'2020-07-13\', \'2020-07-14\', \'2020-07-15\', \'2020-07-16\', \'2020-07-17\', \'2020-07-18\', \'2020-07-19\', \'2020-07-20\', \'2020-07-21\', \'2020-07-22\', \'2020-07-23\', \'2020-07-24\', \'2020-07-25\', \'2020-07-26\', \'2020-07-27\', \'2020-07-28\', \'2020-07-29\', \'2020-07-30\', \'2020-07-31\']
1.4
import time from datetime import datetime, timedelta, date import datetime as dt # 获取指定日期是周几 def get_appoint_date_week(day): week_day_dict = { 0: \'星期一\', 1: \'星期二\', 2: \'星期三\', 3: \'星期四\', 4: \'星期五\', 5: \'星期六\', 6: \'星期天\', } day = datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(time.strptime(day, "%Y-%m-%d"))).weekday() return week_day_dict[day] # 获取周起止时间 def get_week_start_end(year=None, week=None): # 如果用户输入年和周 if year and week: start = date(year, 1, 1) start += timedelta(7 - start.weekday()) days = timedelta(weeks=week - 2) end = start + days return str(end), str(end + timedelta(6)) # 如果用户只输入周 elif week: year = int(date.today().year) if int(week) >= 53: Monday = "Error,Week Num greater than 53!" else: yearstart_str = str(year) + \'0101\' yearstart = datetime.strptime(yearstart_str, \'%Y%m%d\') yearstartcalendarmsg = yearstart.isocalendar() yearstartweekday = yearstartcalendarmsg[2] yearstartyear = yearstartcalendarmsg[0] if yearstartyear < year: daydelat = (8 - int(yearstartweekday)) + (week - 1) * 7 else: daydelat = (8 - int(yearstartweekday)) + (week - 2) * 7 Monday = (yearstart + timedelta(days=daydelat)).date() start_date = datetime.strptime(str(Monday), \'%Y-%m-%d\') before = (start_date + timedelta(days=6)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d") before_date = str(datetime.strptime(before, "%Y-%m-%d")).replace(" 00:00:00", \'\') return str(start_date).replace(" 00:00:00", \'\'), before_date # 如果用户未输入 else: now = datetime.now() week_start = now - timedelta(days=now.weekday()) week_end = now + timedelta(days=6 - now.weekday()) week_start = week_start.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") week_end = week_end.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") return week_start, week_end # 获取周日期列表 def get_week_list(year=None, week=None): week_day_list = [] # 如果用户输入年和周 if year and week: start = dt.date(year, 1, 1) start += timedelta(7 - start.weekday()) days = timedelta(weeks=week - 2) end = start + days for i in range(7): week_date = str(end + timedelta(i)) week_day_list.append(week_date) # 如果用户只输入周 elif week: current = datetime.now() start = dt.date(current.year, 1, 1) start += timedelta(7 - start.weekday()) days = timedelta(weeks=week - 2) end = start + days for i in range(7): week_date = str(end + timedelta(i)) week_day_list.append(week_date) # 如果用户未输入 else: # 获取当前时间 now = datetime.now() # 判断今天周几 day_Week = datetime.now().weekday() for i in range(7): date = now + timedelta(days=i - day_Week) format_date = date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") week_day_list.append(format_date) return week_day_list if __name__ == \'__main__\': # 获取指定日期是周几 print(get_appoint_date_week(\'2020-08-03\')) print(get_week_start_end(year=2020, week=32)) print(get_week_start_end(week=32)) print(get_week_start_end()) print(get_week_list(year=2020, week=32)) print(get_week_list(week=32)) print(get_week_list())
运行结果：
星期一 (\'2020-08-03\', \'2020-08-09\') (\'2020-08-03\', \'2020-08-09\') (\'2020-08-17\', \'2020-08-23\') [\'2020-08-03\', \'2020-08-04\', \'2020-08-05\', \'2020-08-06\', \'2020-08-07\', \'2020-08-08\', \'2020-08-09\'] [\'2020-08-03\', \'2020-08-04\', \'2020-08-05\', \'2020-08-06\', \'2020-08-07\', \'2020-08-08\', \'2020-08-09\'] [\'2020-08-17\', \'2020-08-18\', \'2020-08-19\', \'2020-08-20\', \'2020-08-21\', \'2020-08-22\', \'2020-08-23\']
1.5
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, date import calendar import time # 获取月开始时间和结束时间 def get_month_start_end(year=None, month=None): if year and month: year = int(year) month = int(month) elif month: year = date.today().year month = int(month) else: year = date.today().year month = date.today().month firstDayWeekDay, monthRange = calendar.monthrange(year, month) start = date(year=year, month=month, day=1) end = date(year=year, month=month, day=monthRange) return str(start), str(end) # 获取月的日期列表 def get_month_day_list(year=None, month=None): if year and month: year = int(year) month = int(month) if month == 12: ndays = (date(year, month, 1) - date(year, month - 1, 1)).days else: ndays = (date(year, month + 1, 1) - date(year, month, 1)).days elif month: year = datetime.now().year month = int(month) ndays = (date(year, month + 1, 1) - date(year, month, 1)).days else: year = datetime.now().year month = datetime.now().month ndays = (date(year, month + 1, 1) - date(year, month, 1)).days d1 = date(year, month, 1) d2 = date(year, month, ndays) delta = d2 - d1 return [(d1 + timedelta(days=i)).strftime(\'%Y-%m-%d\') for i in range(delta.days + 1)] # 获取年的每个自然月开始时间和结束时间 def get_natural_month_start_end_list(year=None): month_start_end_list = [] if year: year = int(year) else: year = datetime.now().year for x in range(1, 13): monthRange = calendar.monthrange(year, x)[1] startDay = str(year) + "-" + str(x).zfill(2) + "-01" endDay = str(year) + "-" + str(x).zfill(2) + "-" # 如果不想本月取最后一天取当前日期，可不做判断，直接用endDay = endDay + str(monthRange).zfill(2) if x == 12: endDay = endDay + str(31).zfill(2) else: endDay = endDay + str(monthRange).zfill(2) month_start_end_list.append([startDay, endDay]) return month_start_end_list # 获取本月开始日期到当前日期列表 def get_list_current_month_start_date_to_current_date(): day_list = [] now = datetime.now() year = now.year month = now.month day = now.day for i in range(1, day + 1): str_day = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", (year, month, i, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)) day_list.append(str_day) return day_list if __name__ == \'__main__\': print(get_month_start_end(year=2020, month=8)) print(get_month_start_end(month=8)) print(get_month_start_end()) print(get_month_day_list(year=2020, month=8)) print(get_month_day_list(month=8)) print(get_month_day_list()) print(get_natural_month_start_end_list(year=2020)) print(get_natural_month_start_end_list()) print(get_list_current_month_start_date_to_current_date())
运行结果：
(\'2020-08-01\', \'2020-08-31\') (\'2020-08-01\', \'2020-08-31\') (\'2020-08-01\', \'2020-08-31\') [\'2020-08-01\', \'2020-08-02\', \'2020-08-03\', \'2020-08-04\', \'2020-08-05\', \'2020-08-06\', \'2020-08-07\', \'2020-08-08\', \'2020-08-09\', \'2020-08-10\', \'2020-08-11\', \'2020-08-12\', \'2020-08-13\', \'2020-08-14\', \'2020-08-15\', \'2020-08-16\', \'2020-08-17\', \'2020-08-18\', \'2020-08-19\', \'2020-08-20\', \'2020-08-21\', \'2020-08-22\', \'2020-08-23\', \'2020-08-24\', \'2020-08-25\', \'2020-08-26\', \'2020-08-27\', \'2020-08-28\', \'2020-08-29\', \'2020-08-30\', \'2020-08-31\'] [\'2020-08-01\', \'2020-08-02\', \'2020-08-03\', \'2020-08-04\', \'2020-08-05\', \'2020-08-06\', \'2020-08-07\', \'2020-08-08\', \'2020-08-09\', \'2020-08-10\', \'2020-08-11\', \'2020-08-12\', \'2020-08-13\', \'2020-08-14\', \'2020-08-15\', \'2020-08-16\', \'2020-08-17\', \'2020-08-18\', \'2020-08-19\', \'2020-08-20\', \'2020-08-21\', \'2020-08-22\', \'2020-08-23\', \'2020-08-24\', \'2020-08-25\', \'2020-08-26\', \'2020-08-27\', \'2020-08-28\', \'2020-08-29\', \'2020-08-30\', \'2020-08-31\'] [\'2020-08-01\', \'2020-08-02\', \'2020-08-03\', \'2020-08-04\', \'2020-08-05\', \'2020-08-06\', \'2020-08-07\', \'2020-08-08\', \'2020-08-09\', \'2020-08-10\', \'2020-08-11\', \'2020-08-12\', \'2020-08-13\', \'2020-08-14\', \'2020-08-15\', \'2020-08-16\', \'2020-08-17\', \'2020-08-18\', \'2020-08-19\', \'2020-08-20\', \'2020-08-21\', \'2020-08-22\', \'2020-08-23\', \'2020-08-24\', \'2020-08-25\', \'2020-08-26\', \'2020-08-27\', \'2020-08-28\', \'2020-08-29\', \'2020-08-30\', \'2020-08-31\'] [[\'2020-01-01\', \'2020-01-31\'], [\'2020-02-01\', \'2020-02-29\'], [\'2020-03-01\', \'2020-03-31\'], [\'2020-04-01\', \'2020-04-30\'], [\'2020-05-01\', \'2020-05-31\'], [\'2020-06-01\', \'2020-06-30\'], [\'2020-07-01\', \'2020-07-31\'], [\'2020-08-01\', \'2020-08-31\'], [\'2020-09-01\', \'2020-09-30\'], [\'2020-10-01\', \'2020-10-31\'], [\'2020-11-01\', \'2020-11-30\'], [\'2020-12-01\', \'2020-12-31\']] [[\'2020-01-01\', \'2020-01-31\'], [\'2020-02-01\', \'2020-02-29\'], [\'2020-03-01\', \'2020-03-31\'], [\'2020-04-01\', \'2020-04-30\'], [\'2020-05-01\', \'2020-05-31\'], [\'2020-06-01\', \'2020-06-30\'], [\'2020-07-01\', \'2020-07-31\'], [\'2020-08-01\', \'2020-08-31\'], [\'2020-09-01\', \'2020-09-30\'], [\'2020-10-01\', \'2020-10-31\'], [\'2020-11-01\', \'2020-11-30\'], [\'2020-12-01\', \'2020-12-31\']] [\'2020-08-01\', \'2020-08-02\', \'2020-08-03\', \'2020-08-04\', \'2020-08-05\', \'2020-08-06\', \'2020-08-07\', \'2020-08-08\', \'2020-08-09\', \'2020-08-10\', \'2020-08-11\', \'2020-08-12\', \'2020-08-13\', \'2020-08-14\', \'2020-08-15\', \'2020-08-16\', \'2020-08-17\', \'2020-08-18\', \'2020-08-19\', \'2020-08-20\', \'2020-08-21\', \'2020-08-22\']
1.6
from datetime import datetime # 获取指定年份的起始日期 def get_yaer_start_end(year=None): if year: year = year else: year = datetime.now().year start = str(year) + "-01-01" end = str(year) + "-12-31" return start, end if __name__ == \'__main__\': print(get_yaer_start_end(year=2019)) print(get_yaer_start_end())
运行结果：
(\'2019-01-01\', \'2019-12-31\') (\'2020-01-01\', \'2020-12-31\')
2. 加密
# 项目中常用的方法--加密篇
"""
pip install rsa
在Linux上安装pycryptodome，可以使用以下 pip 命令：
pip install pycryptodome
导入：import Crypto
在Windows上安装pycryptodomex 系统上安装则稍有不同：
pip install pycryptodomex
导入：import Cryptodome
"""
import hashlib
import rsa
from Cryptodome.Cipher import DES,AES
from Cryptodome import Random
import binascii
# 哈希加密(单向加密,非对称加密)
def hash_encryption(test_str):
"""
特点: 单向加密是指只能对明文数据进行加密，而不能解密数据。
功能: 通常用于保证数据的完整性。
特点:
不可逆：无法根据数据指纹/特征码还原原来的数据。
容易计算：从原数据计算出MD5值很容易。
抗修改性：对原数据进行任何改动，哪怕只修改1个字节，所得到的MD5值都有很大区别。
定长输出：任意长度的数据，算出的MD5值长度都是固定的。
"""
hs = hashlib.md5()
# 添加个暗号，提升复杂度(加盐)
hs.update(\'-(7h&ivat3uy^%9oax%**30okj=5(nx#$!uib4n^wiuoo+(0&*\'.encode(\'utf-8\'))
hs.update(test_str.encode())
print(\'MD5加密前为 : \' + test_str)
print(\'MD5加密后为 : \' + hs.hexdigest())
return hs.hexdigest()
# RSA加密
def rsa_encryption(test_str):
"""
RSA加密算法是一种非对称加密算法。在公开密钥加密和电子商业中RSA被广泛使用。
典型的如RSA等，常见方法，使用openssl ,keytools等工具生成一对公私钥对，使用被公钥加密的数据可以使用私钥来解密，反之亦然（被私钥加密的数据也可以被公钥解密) 。
在实际使用中私钥一般保存在发布者手中，是私有的不对外公开的，只将公钥对外公布，就能实现只有私钥的持有者才能将数据解密的方法。 这种加密方式安全系数很高，因为它不用将解密的密钥进行传递，从而没有密钥在传递过程中被截获的风险，而破解密文几乎又是不可能的。
但是算法的效率低，所以常用于很重要数据的加密，常和对称配合使用，使用非对称加密的密钥去加密对称加密的密钥。
"""
# 公钥
pubkey_n = \'8d7e6949d411ce14d7d233d7160f5b2cc753930caba4d5ad24f923a505253b9c39b09a059732250e56c594d735077cfcb0c3508e9f544f101bdf7e97fe1b0d97f273468264b8b24caaa2a90cd9708a417c51cf8ba35444d37c514a0490441a773ccb121034f29748763c6c4f76eb0303559c57071fd89234d140c8bb965f9725\'
# 十六进制‘10001’
pubkey_e = \'10001\'
# 需要将十六进制转换成十进制
rsa_n = int(pubkey_n, 16)
rsa_e = int(pubkey_e, 16)
# 用n值和e值生成公钥
key = rsa.PublicKey(rsa_n, rsa_e)
# 用公钥把明文加密
message = rsa.encrypt(test_str.encode(), key)
# 转化成常用的可读性高的十六进制
message = binascii.b2a_hex(message)
# 将加密结果转化回字符串并返回
print(\'RSA加密前为 : \' + test_str)
print(\'私钥 : \' + message.decode())
return message.decode()
# DES加解密(对称加密)
class DesEncryption():
"""
这种加密方式 KEY的值必须是8位，否则不支持
"""
key = b\'abcduasg\'
# 需要去生成一个DES对象
des = DES.new(key, DES.MODE_ECB)
BLOCK_SIZE = 32 # Bytes
def encryption(self, test_str):
text = test_str + (8 - (len(test_str) % 8)) * \'=\'
# 加密的过程
encrypto_text = self.des.encrypt(text.encode())
print(\'DES加密后为 :\', binascii.b2a_hex(encrypto_text))
return encrypto_text
def decrypt(self, encrypto_text):
decrypt_text = self.des.decrypt(encrypto_text)
print(\'DES解密后为 :\', decrypt_text)
return decrypt_text
# AES加密
class AesEncryption():
"""
# 密钥key 长度必须为16（AES-128）、24（AES-192）、或32（AES-256）Bytes 长度.
"""
key = b\'dhsgdysgdjwshiuw\'
iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
# 使用key和iv初始化AES对象, 使用MODE_CFB模式
mycipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv)
def encryption(self, test_str):
# 加密的明文长度必须为16的倍数，如果长度不为16的倍数，则需要补足为16的倍数
# 将iv（密钥向量）加到加密的密文开头，一起传输
ciphertext = self.iv + self.mycipher.encrypt(test_str.encode())
print(\'AES加密后数据为：\', binascii.b2a_hex(ciphertext)[16:])
return ciphertext
def decrypt(self, ciphertext):
# 解密的话要用key和iv生成新的AES对象
mydecrypt = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CFB, ciphertext[:16])
# 使用新生成的AES对象，将加密的密文解密
decrypttext = mydecrypt.decrypt(ciphertext[16:])
print(\'AES解密后数据为：\', decrypttext.decode())
return decrypttext.decode()
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
hash_encryption(\'菜鸟程序员_python\')
print(rsa_encryption(\'菜鸟程序员_python\'))
des_encryption = DesEncryption()
encrypto_text = des_encryption.encryption(\'ertysfdhertysfdh\')
decrypt_text = des_encryption.decrypt(encrypto_text)
aes_encryption = AesEncryption()
ciphertext = aes_encryption.encryption(\'ertysfdhertysfdh\')
text = aes_encryption.decrypt(ciphertext)
3. 正则
import re # 正则匹配手机号码 def mobile_re(mobile_num): pattern = re.compile(r\'(13\d|14[579]|15[^4\D]|17[^49\D]|18\d|19\d)\d{8}\') phone = pattern.search(mobile_num) if phone: return phone else: return None # 正则匹配邮箱 def mailbox(email_num): pattern = re.compile(r\'\w[-\w.+]*@([A-Za-z0-9][-A-Za-z0-9]+\.)+[A-Za-z]{2,14}\') email = pattern.search(email_num) if email: return email else: return None # 正则匹配URL地址 def url_re(link_url): pattern = re.compile(r\'http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+\') url = pattern.search(link_url) if url: return url else: return None if __name__ == \'__main__\': # 错误示范 print(mobile_re(\'5723672637\')) print(mailbox(\'hujdchjsbdus\')) print(url_re(\'dfghuusdhdfuiesdhdu.com\')) # 正确示范 print(mobile_re(\'15824536217\')) print(mailbox(\'416254661@qq.com\')) print(url_re(\'http://www.baidu.com\'))