Elasticsearch is a search engine based on the Lucene library.
Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene库的搜索引擎。
It provides adistributed,multitenant-capable full-text search engine
with an HTTP web interface
and schema-free JSON documents.
它提供了一个分布式的、支持多租户的全文搜索引擎，
带有一个HTTP web接口和无模式的JSON文档。
Elasticsearch is developed in Java.
弹性搜索是用Java开发的。
Following an open-core business model,
parts of the software are licensed
under various open-source licenses (mostly the Apache License),
while other parts fall under
the proprietary (source-available) Elastic License.
遵循开放核心商业模式，
部分软件根据各种开源许可证(主要是Apache许可证)获得许可，
而其他部分属于专有(可从源代码获得)弹性许可证。
Official clients are available in
Java, .NET (C#), PHP, Python, Apache Groovy, Ruby
and many other languages.
官方客户端可用
Java，
.NET (C#)，
PHP，
Python，
Apache Groovy，
Ruby等多种语言。
According to the DB-Engines ranking,
Elasticsearch is the most popular enterprise search engine
followed by Apache Solr, also based on Lucene.
根据数据库引擎排名，
ES是最受欢迎的企业搜索引擎，
其次是Apache Solr，
也是基于Lucene的。
History
Shay Banon created the precursor to Elasticsearch,
called Compass, in 2004.
谢伊·巴农在2004年创造了ES的前身，叫做指南针Compass。
While thinking about
the third version of Compass
he realized that it would be necessary to
rewrite big parts of Compass
to "create a scalable search solution".
在思考第三版Compass时，
他意识到有必要重写Compass的大部分内容，
以“创建一个可扩展的搜索解决方案”。
So he created "a solution built from the ground up to be distributed"
and used a common interface,JSON over HTTP,
suitable for programming languages other than Java as well.
因此，他创建了“一个从头开始构建的分布式解决方案”，
并使用了一个通用接口——JSON over HTTP，
它也适用于除Java之外的编程语言。
Shay Banon released the first version of Elasticsearch in February 2010.
Shay Banon在2010年2月发布了第一个版本的ES。
Elastic NV was founded in 2012
to provide commercial services and products
around Elasticsearch and related software.
Elastic NV成立于2012年，
围绕弹性搜索和相关软件提供商业服务和产品。
In June 2014,
the company announced raising $70 million
in a Series C funding round,
just 18 months after forming the company.
2014年6月，
该公司宣布在成立仅18个月后，
通过C系列融资轮筹集7000万美元。
The round was led by New Enterprise Associates (NEA).
这一轮由新企业协会(NEA)牵头。
Additional funders includeBenchmark Capital
and Index Ventures.
其他资助者包括基准资本和指数风险投资。
This round brought total funding to $104M.
这一轮融资总额达到1.04亿美元。
In March 2015,
the company Elasticsearch changed their name to Elastic.
2015年3月，
Elasticsearch公司将其名称改为Elastic。
In June 2018,
Elastic filed for an initial public offering
with an estimated valuation of
between 1.5 and 3 billion dollars.
2018年6月，
Elastic公司申请首次公开募股，
估值在15亿至30亿美元之间。
On 5 October 2018,
Elastic was listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
2018年10月5日，
Elastic在纽约证券交易所上市。
Features
Elasticsearch can be used to search all kinds of documents.
Elasticsearch可以用来搜索各种文档。
It provides scalable search,
has near real-time search,
and supports multitenancy.
它提供可扩展的搜索，
具有接近实时的搜索，
并支持多租户。
"Elasticsearch is distributed,
which means thatindices can be divided into shards
and each shard can have zero or more replicas.
Elasticsearch是分布式的，
这意味着索引可以分成碎片，
每个碎片可以有零个或多个副本。
Each node hosts one or more shards,
and acts as a coordinator to
delegate operations to the correct shard(s).
每个节点托管一个或多个分片，
并充当协调器，
将操作委托给正确的分片。
Rebalancing and routing are done automatically".
重新平衡和路由是自动完成的。
Related data is often stored in the same index,
which consists of one or more primary shards,
and zero or more replica shards.
相关数据通常存储在同一个索引中，
该索引由一个或多个主碎片
以及零个或多个副本碎片组成。
Once an index has been created,
the number of primary shards cannot be changed.
一旦创建了索引，
就不能更改主碎片的数量。
Elasticsearch is developed alongside
a data collection and log-parsing engine called Logstash,
an analytics and visualisation platform called Kibana,
and Beats, a collection of lightweight data shippers.
ES是与
名为Logstash的数据收集和日志解析引擎、
名为Kibana的分析和可视化平台以及
名为Beats的轻量级数据托运集合一起开发的。
The four products are designed for
use as an integrated solution,
referred to as the "Elastic Stack"
(formerly the "ELK stack").
这四种产品是作为一种集成解决方案设计的，
称为“ELK stack”(以前称为“ELK技术栈”)。
Elasticsearch uses Lucene
and tries to make all its features available
through the JSON and Java API.
Elasticsearch使用Lucene，
并试图通过JSON和Java API
使其所有功能都可用。
It supports facetting and percolating,
which can be useful for
notifying if new documents match for registered queries.
它支持分面和过滤，
这对于
通知
新文档是否与注册的查询相匹配
非常有用。
Another feature is called "gateway"
and handles the long-term persistence of the index;
for example,
an index can be recovered from the gateway
in the event of a server crash.
另一个特性叫做“网关”，处理索引的长期持久性；
例如，在服务器崩溃的情况下，可以从网关恢复索引。
Elasticsearch supports real-time GET requests,
which makes it suitable as a NoSQL datastore,
but it lacks distributed transactions.
Elasticsearch支持实时GET请求，
这使得它适合作为NoSQL数据存储，
但它缺乏分布式事务。
On 20 May 2019,
Elastic made the core security features of the Elastic Stack
available free of charge,
including TLS for encrypted communications,
file and native realm for creating and managing users,
and role-based access control for
controlling user access to cluster APIs and indexes.
2019年5月20日，
Elastic免费提供Elastic Stack的核心安全功能，
包括用于加密通信的TLS、
用于创建和管理用户的文件和本机领域，
以及用于控制用户对集群应用编程接口和索引的访问
的基于角色的访问控制。
The corresponding source code is available
under the “Elastic License”,
a source-available license.
相应的源代码可在“Elastic许可证”下获得，
这是一种可从源代码获得的许可证。
In addition,
Elasticsearch now offers SIEM and Machine Learning
as part of its offered services.
此外，
Elasticsearch现在提供SIEM和机器学习作为其服务的一部分。
Security information and event management (SIEM)
is a subsection
within the field of computer security,
where software products and services
combine
security information management (SIM)
and
security event management (SEM).
安全信息和事件管理(SIEM)是计算机安全领域的一个分支，
其中软件产品和服务结合了
安全信息管理(SIM)和安全事件管理(SEM)。
They provide real-time analysis of security alerts
generated by applications and network hardware.
它们对
应用程序和网络硬件生成的安全警报
进行实时分析。
Vendors sell SIEM as software, as appliances, or as managed services;
供应商将SIEM作为软件、设备或托管服务进行销售；
these products are also used to
log security data
and generate reports for compliance purposes.
这些产品还用于
记录安全数据和生成合规报告。
The term and the initialism SIEM
was coined by
Mark Nicolett
and
Amrit Williams of Gartner
in 2005.
术语和缩写SIEM是由Gartner的
马克·尼可莱特 - Mark Nicolett
和
阿姆里特·威廉姆斯 - Amrit Williams
在2005年创造的。
Managed services
Developed from the Found acquisition by Elastic in 2015,Elastic Cloud is a family of Elasticsearch-powered SaaS
offerings which includethe Elasticsearch Service,
as well as Elastic App Search Service,
and Elastic Site Search Service
which were developed from Elastic’s acquisition of Swiftype.
Elastic Cloud是在2015年被Elastic公司收购后发展起来的，
是一个以Elasticsearch Service为动力的SaaS产品家族，
包括the Elasticsearch Service、
Elastic App Search Service和Elastic Site Search Service，
后者是在Elastic公司收购Swiftype后发展起来的。
In late 2017,
Elastic formed partnerships with Google
to offer Elastic Cloud in GCP,
and Alibaba to offer Elasticsearch and Kibana
in Alibaba Cloud.
2017年末，Elastic公司与谷歌合作，
在GCP谷歌云平台提供Elastic Cloud，
与阿里巴巴合作，
在阿里云提供Elasticsearch和Kibana。
Elasticsearch Service on Elastic Cloud
is the official hosted and managed Elasticsearch and Kibana
offering from the creators of the project since August 2018
Elastic云上的Elasticsearch服务
是自2018年8月以来
由项目创建者正式托管和管理的Elasticsearch和Kibana服务。
Elasticsearch Service users can create secure deployments with partners,
Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
and Alibaba Cloud.
Elasticsearch用户可以与合作伙伴、
谷歌云平台(GCP)和阿里巴巴云一起创建安全部署。
AWS offers Elasticsearch as a managed service since 2015.
自2015年以来，AWS将弹性搜索作为托管服务提供。
Such managed services provide
hosting,
deployment,
backup and other support.
此类托管服务提供托管、部署、备份和其他支持。
Most managed services also include support for Kibana.
大多数托管服务还包括对Kibana的支持。
Elasticsearch is the basis ofPangeanic\'s contribution to
the EU\'s Marie Curie research project "EXPERT"
called ActivaTM.
Elasticsearch是Pangeanic对欧盟Marie Curie研究项目“EXPERT”的贡献
的基础。
Pangeanic built a bilingual databasecompatible with Computer-Assisted Translation tools,
which could offer real-time access via API
from a variety of tools.
Pangeanic建立了一个双语数据库，
与计算机辅助翻译工具兼容的双语数据库，
可以通过API从各种工具中提供实时访问。
The project received further funding
from the EU
as the National and European Central Translation Memory project
under the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) programme.
该项目得到了欧盟的进一步资助，
作为连接欧洲基金(CEF)方案下的国家和欧洲中央翻译记忆项目（NECTM），
NEC TM aims to centralise national translation assets
in all the EU\'s Member States
so countries can re-use bilingual translation data
produced as a result of public procurement contracts.
NEC TM旨在将欧盟所有成员国的国家翻译资产集中起来，
以便各国可以重用公共采购合同产生的双语翻译数据。
Reported Elasticsearch data breaches
报告的ES数据泄露
2018-11-15 AWS Elasticsearch database belonging to VoxOx
exposed tens of millions of text messages,
including password reset links,
two-factor codes,
shipping notifications and more.
2018年11月15日属于VoxOx的AWSElasticsearch数据库暴露了数千万条文本信息，
包括密码重置链接、双因素代码、发货通知等。
2018-11-27 Elasticsearch database belonging to Urban Massage
exposed more than 309,000 user records,
including names, email addresses and phone numbers.
2018年11月27日
Urban Massage旗下的Elasticsearch数据库暴露了超过309，000条用户记录，
包括姓名、电子邮件地址和电话号码。
2019-01-12
Elasticsearch server belonging to do-it-yourself chain, B&Q
exposed
personal details of individuals caught or suspected
of stealing goods from stores.
2019年01月12日B&Q一家名为“自己动手”的连锁店的Elasticsearch服务器
泄露了
被抓或涉嫌从商店偷东西的人的个人信息。
2019-01-21
Elasticsearch database belonging to Youth-run agency AIESEC
exposed over 4 million intern applications
including the applicant’s name, gender, date of birth,
and the reasons why the person was applying for the internship.
2019年01月21日
隶属于AIESEC青年机构的Elasticsearch数据库
公布了超过400万份实习申请，
包括申请人的姓名、性别、出生日期以及申请人申请实习的原因。
2019-01-23
Elasticsearch database belonging to Ascension Data and Analytics exposed
24 million financial and banking documents,
representing tens of thousands of loans and mortgages
from some of the biggest banks in the U.S.
2019年01月23日阿森松岛数据和分析公司旗下的Elasticsearch数据库
披露了2400万份金融和银行文件，
代表了美国一些最大银行的数万笔贷款和抵押贷款
2019-09-13
Elasticsearch database belonging to Dealer Leads
exposed 198 million car buying records
which contained the personal information of customers.
2019年09月13日
属于Dealer Leads的Elasticsearch数据库
披露了1.98亿份包含客户个人信息的购车记录。
2019-10-26
Elasticsearch database belonging to Adobe
exposed 7.5 million customer records
which contained email addresses, Adobe member IDs (usernames),
country of origin, and what Adobe products they were using.
2019年10月26日Adobe旗下的Elasticsearch数据库
披露了750万份客户记录，
其中包含电子邮件地址、Adobe会员标识(用户名)、原产国以及他们使用的Adobe产品。
2019-11-19 Elasticsearch database belonging to Conrad Electronic
exposed 14 million customer records
which contained postal addresses,
in parts fax- and telephone numbers as well as
IBANs on a fifth of the exposed data-records.
2019年11月19日康拉德电子公司旗下的Elasticsearch数据库披露了1400万份客户记录，
其中五分之一的数据记录包含邮政地址、部分传真和电话号码以及国际银行账号。