1 systemctl
1-0 systemctl 基本使用
systemctl start/stop/restart/status sshd
systemctl enable/disable sshd
1-1 systemctl
# systemctl
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop0
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop1
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop2.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop2
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop3.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop3
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop4.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop4
sys-devices-virtual-misc-rfkill.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/misc/rfkill
sys-devices-virtual-tty-ttyprintk.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/tty/ttyprintk
sys-module-fuse.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/fuse
sys-subsystem-net-devices-enp0s3.device loaded active plugged 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter)
-.mount loaded active mounted Root Mount
dev-hugepages.mount loaded active mounted Huge Pages File System
dev-mqueue.mount loaded active mounted POSIX Message Queue File System
run-user-1000-gvfs.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000/gvfs
run-user-1000.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000
snap-core-3887.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core
snap-core-4017.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core
snap-core-4110.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core
snap-gping-13.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for gping
snap-termius\x2dapp-8.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for termius-app
sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded active mounted FUSE Control File System
sys-kernel-debug.mount loaded active mounted Debug File System
acpid.path loaded active running ACPI Events Check
cups.path loaded active running CUPS Scheduler
systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Plymouth Directory Watch
systemd-ask-password-wall.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch
init.scope loaded active running System and Service Manager
session-c2.scope loaded active running Session c2 of user magi
accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service
acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon
anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs
apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server
apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization
apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation
aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon
atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor
atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon
avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack
colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles
console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap
cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon
cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally
cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler
dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus
postfix.service loaded active exited Postfix Mail Transport Agent
- UNIT 相应的 systemd 单元名称
- LOAD 相应的单元是否被加载到内存中
- ACTIVE 该单元是否处于活动状态
- SUB 该单元是否处于运行状态（LCTT 译注：是较于 ACTIVE 更加详细的状态描述，不同的单元类型有不同的状态。）
- DESCRIPTION 关于该单元的简短描述
systemctl | grep running
1-2 systemctl list-unit-files
systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled
可根据类型列出单元
# systemctl list-units --type service
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service
acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon
anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs
apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server
apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization
apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation
aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon
atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor
atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon
avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack
colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles
console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap
cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon
cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally
cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler
dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus
fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon
getty@tty1.service loaded active running Getty on tty1
grub-common.service loaded active exited LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB
irqbalance.service loaded active running LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems
keyboard-setup.service loaded active exited Set the console keyboard layout
kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel
2 service
service --status-all
service --status-all | grep running
service --status-all | grep httpd
service sshd/httpd start/stop/restart/status
3 chkconfig
- 查看开机系统自启的服务的启停情况
# chkconfig --list
auditd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
blk-availability 0:关闭 1:启用 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
crond 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
ip6tables 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
iptables 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
iscsi 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
iscsid 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
jexec 0:关闭 1:启用 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
lvm2-monitor 0:关闭 1:启用 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
mdmonitor 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
multipathd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
mysql 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
netconsole 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
netfs 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
network 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
ntpdate 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
postfix 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
rabbitmq-server 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
rdisc 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
restorecond 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
rsyslog 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
saslauthd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
sshd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
svnserve 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
udev-post 0:关闭 1:启用 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
vsftpd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
xinetd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
4 pstree
使用 pstree 命令（输出来自 SysVinit 系统）查看正在运行的服务
# pstree
init-+-crond
|-httpd---2*[httpd]
|-kthreadd/99149---khelper/99149
|-2*[mingetty]
|-mysqld_safe---mysqld---9*[{mysqld}]
|-rsyslogd---3*[{rsyslogd}]
|-saslauthd---saslauthd
|-2*[sendmail]
|-sshd---sshd---bash---pstree
|-udevd
`-xinetd
5 systemd-cgtop
按资源使用情况（任务、CPU、内存、输入和输出）列出控制组
# systemd-cgtop
Control Group Tasks %CPU Memory Input/s Output/s
/ - - 1.5G - -
/init.scope 1 - - - -
/system.slice 153 - - - -
/system.slice/ModemManager.service 3 - - - -
/system.slice/NetworkManager.service 4 - - - -
/system.slice/accounts-daemon.service 3 - - - -
/system.slice/acpid.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/apache2.service 55 - - - -
/system.slice/aptik-battery-monitor.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/atop.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/atopacct.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/avahi-daemon.service 2 - - - -
/system.slice/colord.service 3 - - - -
/system.slice/cron.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/cups-browsed.service 3 - - - -
/system.slice/cups.service 2 - - - -
/system.slice/dbus.service 6 - - - -
/system.slice/fwupd.service 5 - - - -
/system.slice/irqbalance.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/lightdm.service 7 - - - -
/system.slice/polkit.service 3 - - - -
/system.slice/repowerd.service 14 - - - -
/system.slice/rsyslog.service 4 - - - -
/system.slice/rtkit-daemon.service 3 - - - -
/system.slice/snapd.service 8 - - - -
/system.slice/system-getty.slice 1 - - - -