堡垒机知识储备
开发堡垒机之前,先来学习Python的paramiko模块,该模块基于SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作。
paramiko模块使用介绍
http://www.cnblogs.com/madsnotes/articles/5537947.html
堡垒机实现
实现思路:
堡垒机执行流程:
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号(将公钥放置服务器,或者使用用户名密码)
- 用户登陆堡垒机,输入堡垒机用户名密码,现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器,并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注:配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
堡垒机实现过程:
第一步:实现用户登录
import getpass user = raw_input(\'username:\') pwd = getpass.getpass(\'password\') if user == \'alex\' and pwd == \'123\': print \'登陆成功\' else: print \'登陆失败\'
第二步:根据登录的用户名获取拥有权限的服务器列表
dic = { \'alex\': [ \'172.16.103.189\', \'c10.puppet.com\', \'c11.puppet.com\', ], \'eric\': [ \'c100.puppet.com\', ] } host_list = dic[\'alex\'] print \'please select:\' for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1): print index, item inp = raw_input(\'your select (No):\') inp = int(inp) hostname = host_list[inp-1] port = 22
第三步:根据用户名及私钥登录服务器
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import select import getpass tran = paramiko.Transport((\'10.211.55.4\', 22,)) tran.start_client() tran.auth_password(\'wupeiqi\', \'123\') # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() ######### # 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作 # 用户在终端输入内容,并将内容发送至远程服务器 # 远程服务器执行命令,并将结果返回 # 用户终端显示内容 ######### chan.close() tran.close()
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import select import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u tran = paramiko.Transport((\'10.211.55.4\', 22,)) tran.start_client() tran.auth_password(\'wupeiqi\', \'123\') # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() while True: # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据 # sys.stdin 处理用户输入 # chan 是之前创建的通道,用于接收服务器返回信息 readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1) if chan in readable: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: print(\'\r\n*** EOF\r\n\') break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in readable: inp = sys.stdin.readline() chan.sendall(inp) chan.close() tran.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import sys import os import socket import select import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u default_username = getpass.getuser() username = input(\'Username [%s]: \' % default_username) if len(username) == 0: username = default_username hostname = input(\'Hostname: \') if len(hostname) == 0: print(\'*** Hostname required.\') sys.exit(1) tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,)) tran.start_client() default_auth = "p" auth = input(\'Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] \' % default_auth) if len(auth) == 0: auth = default_auth if auth == \'r\': default_path = os.path.join(os.environ[\'HOME\'], \'.ssh\', \'id_rsa\') path = input(\'RSA key [%s]: \' % default_path) if len(path) == 0: path = default_path try: key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path) except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException: password = getpass.getpass(\'RSA key password: \') key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password) tran.auth_publickey(username, key) else: pw = getpass.getpass(\'Password for %s@%s: \' % (username, hostname)) tran.auth_password(username, pw) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() while True: # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据 # sys.stdin 处理用户输入 # chan 是之前创建的通道,用于接收服务器返回信息 readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1) if chan in readable: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: print(\'\r\n*** EOF\r\n\') break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in readable: inp = sys.stdin.readline() chan.sendall(inp) chan.close() tran.close()
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import select import getpass import termios import tty from paramiko.py3compat import u tran = paramiko.Transport((\'10.211.55.4\', 22,)) tran.start_client() tran.auth_password(\'wupeiqi\', \'123\') # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() # 获取原tty属性 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: # 为tty设置新属性 # 默认当前tty设备属性: # 输入一行回车,执行 # CTRL+C 进程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊处理。 # 这是为原始模式,不认识所有特殊符号 # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端,如此设置,将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) while True: # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket) # 阻塞,直到句柄可读 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1) if chan in r: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: print(\'\r\n*** EOF\r\n\') break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) if len(x) == 0: break chan.send(x) finally: # 重新设置终端属性 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) chan.close() tran.close()
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import select import getpass import termios import tty from paramiko.py3compat import u default_username = getpass.getuser() username = input(\'Username [%s]: \' % default_username) if len(username) == 0: username = default_username hostname = input(\'Hostname: \') if len(hostname) == 0: print(\'*** Hostname required.\') sys.exit(1) tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,)) tran.start_client() default_auth = "p" auth = input(\'Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] \' % default_auth) if len(auth) == 0: auth = default_auth if auth == \'r\': default_path = os.path.join(os.environ[\'HOME\'], \'.ssh\', \'id_rsa\') path = input(\'RSA key [%s]: \' % default_path) if len(path) == 0: path = default_path try: key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path) except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException: password = getpass.getpass(\'RSA key password: \') key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password) tran.auth_publickey(username, key) else: pw = getpass.getpass(\'Password for %s@%s: \' % (username, hostname)) tran.auth_password(username, pw) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() # 获取原tty属性 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: # 为tty设置新属性 # 默认当前tty设备属性: # 输入一行回车,执行 # CTRL+C 进程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊处理。 # 这是为原始模式,不认识所有特殊符号 # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端,如此设置,将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) while True: # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket) # 阻塞,直到句柄可读 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1) if chan in r: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: print(\'\r\n*** EOF\r\n\') break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) if len(x) == 0: break chan.send(x) finally: # 重新设置终端属性 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) chan.close() tran.close()
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u # windows does not have termios... try: import termios import tty has_termios = True except ImportError: has_termios = False def interactive_shell(chan): if has_termios: posix_shell(chan) else: windows_shell(chan) def posix_shell(chan): import select oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) log = open(\'handle.log\', \'a+\', encoding=\'utf-8\') flag = False temp_list = [] while True: r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], []) if chan in r: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: sys.stdout.write(\'\r\n*** EOF\r\n\') break if flag: if x.startswith(\'\r\n\'): pass else: temp_list.append(x) flag = False sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) import json if len(x) == 0: break if x == \'\t\': flag = True else: temp_list.append(x) if x == \'\r\': log.write(\'\'.join(temp_list)) log.flush() temp_list.clear() chan.send(x) finally: termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) def windows_shell(chan): import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n") def writeall(sock): while True: data = sock.recv(256) if not data: sys.stdout.write(\'\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n\') sys.stdout.flush() break sys.stdout.write(data) sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) writer.start() try: while True: d = sys.stdin.read(1) if not d: break chan.send(d) except EOFError: # user hit ^Z or F6 pass def run(): tran = paramiko.Transport((\'10.211.55.4\', 22,)) tran.start_client() tran.auth_password(\'wupeiqi\', \'123\') # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() interactive_shell(chan) chan.close() tran.close() if __name__ == \'__main__\': run()
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u # windows does not have termios... try: import termios import tty has_termios = True except ImportError: has_termios = False def interactive_shell(chan): if has_termios: posix_shell(chan) else: windows_shell(chan) def posix_shell(chan): import select oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) log = open(\'handle.log\', \'a+\', encoding=\'utf-8\') flag = False temp_list = [] while True: r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], []) if chan in r: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: sys.stdout.write(\'\r\n*** EOF\r\n\') break if flag: if x.startswith(\'\r\n\'): pass else: temp_list.append(x) flag = False sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) import json if len(x) == 0: break if x == \'\t\': flag = True else: temp_list.append(x) if x == \'\r\': log.write(\'\'.join(temp_list)) log.flush() temp_list.clear() chan.send(x) finally: termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) def windows_shell(chan): import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n") def writeall(sock): while True: data = sock.recv(256) if not data: sys.stdout.write(\'\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n\') sys.stdout.flush() break sys.stdout.write(data) sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) writer.start() try: while True: d = sys.stdin.read(1) if not d: break chan.send(d) except EOFError: # user hit ^Z or F6 pass def run(): default_username = getpass.getuser() username = input(\'Username [%s]: \' % default_username) if len(username) == 0: username = default_username hostname = input(\'Hostname: \') if len(hostname) == 0: print(\'*** Hostname required.\') sys.exit(1) tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,)) tran.start_client() default_auth = "p" auth = input(\'Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] \' % default_auth) if len(auth) == 0: auth = default_auth if auth == \'r\': default_path = os.path.join(os.environ[\'HOME\'], \'.ssh\', \'id_rsa\') path = input(\'RSA key [%s]: \' % default_path) if len(path) == 0: path = default_path try: key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path) except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException: password = getpass.getpass(\'RSA key password: \') key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password) tran.auth_publickey(username, key) else: pw = getpass.getpass(\'Password for %s@%s: \' % (username, hostname)) tran.auth_password(username, pw) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() interactive_shell(chan) chan.close() tran.close() if __name__ == \'__main__\': run()
更多参见:paramoko源码 https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko
Alex堡垒机:http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5286889.html
作业:运维堡垒机开发
1、堡垒机程序部署(堡垒机程序包,安装脚本)
区分版本Python2.7 Python2.6 Python3.x(能做到Python版本兼容)
2、堡垒机功能
审计功能(记录用户登录及相关操作)
权限管理(用户可以查看到拥有权限的主机列表,并拥有权限进行相应操作)
确保除了堡垒机管理员之外,所有其它人对堡垒机本身无任何操作权限,只有一个登录跳转功能
确保用户的操作纪录不能被用户自己以任何方式获取到并篡改(记录到数据库)
每个用户登录堡垒机后,只需要选择具体要访问的设置,就连接上了,不需要再输入目标机器的访问密码
允许用户对不同的目标设备有不同的访问权限,例:
对10.0.2.34 有mysql 用户的权限
对192.168.3.22 有root用户的权限
对172.33.24.55 没任何权限
分组管理,即可以对设置进行分组,允许用户访问某组机器,但对组里的不同机器依然有不同的访问权限
数据库操作
Python操作MySQL的模块安装
linux: yum install MySQL-python window: https://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/
SQL基本操作
1、数据库操作
show databases;
use [databasename];
create database [name];
2、数据库表操作
show tables; create table students ( id int not null auto_increment primary key, name char(8) not null, sex char(4) not null, age tinyint unsigned not null, tel char(13) null default "-" ); CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT \'0\', `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT \'\', `content` text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) ) ;
3、数据操作
# 插入数据 insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values(\'alex\',\'man\',18,\'151515151\') # 删除数据 delete from students where id =2; # 更新数据 update students set name = \'sb\' where id =1; # 查询数据 select * from students
4、其他
主键、外键、左右连接
Python MySQL API
1、插入数据
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\') cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute(\'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)\',(\'alex\',\'usa\')) # reCount = cur.execute(\'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)\',{\'id\':12345,\'name\':\'wupeiqi\'}) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\') cur = conn.cursor() li =[ (\'alex\',\'usa\'), (\'sb\',\'usa\'), ] reCount = cur.executemany(\'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)\',li) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount
2、删除数据
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\') cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute(\'delete from UserInfo\') conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount
3、修改数据
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\') cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute(\'update UserInfo set Name = %s\',(\'alin\',)) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount
4、查询数据
# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ############################## import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\') cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute(\'select * from UserInfo\') print cur.fetchone() print cur.fetchone() cur.scroll(-1,mode=\'relative\') print cur.fetchone() print cur.fetchone() cur.scroll(0,mode=\'absolute\') print cur.fetchone() print cur.fetchone() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount # ############################## fetchall ############################## import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\') #cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) cur = conn.cursor()