SELECT *
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = \'tableName\'
ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION
或者
sp_Columns \'tableName\'
包含注释信息
SELECT A.name AS table_name,B.name AS column_name,D.IS_NULLABLE,D.DATA_TYPE,D.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,C.value AS column_description
FROM sys.tables A INNER JOIN sys.columns B
ON B.object_id = A.object_id LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties C
ON C.major_id = B.object_id AND C.minor_id = B.column_id
INNER join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS D on D.COLUMN_NAME=B.name and D.table_name=A.name
WHERE A.name =\'tableName\'
参考资料
Get Table information (Column Name, Data Type) in SQL Server
SQL Server 的所有表查询和注释说明查询