1. 项目目录结构
2. 创建模板目录并配置 settings.py： D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\file_up_and_down_demo\settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [ \'django.contrib.admin\', \'django.contrib.auth\', \'django.contrib.contenttypes\', \'django.contrib.sessions\', \'django.contrib.messages\', \'django.contrib.staticfiles\', \'index\', ]
TEMPLATES = [
{
\'BACKEND\': \'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates\',
\'DIRS\': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, \'index/templates\')],
\'APP_DIRS\': True,
\'OPTIONS\': {
\'context_processors\': [
\'django.template.context_processors.debug\',
\'django.template.context_processors.request\',
\'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth\',
\'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages\',
],
},
},
]
3. 创建文件模型，并映射到数据库
以默认的 sqlite 为例，在 index App 下的 models.py 中自定义一个代表文件的模型
该模型包含 3 个字段：
- 文件名称
- 文件保存路径
- 上传时间
D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\index\models.py
from django.db import models # index App models.py from django.db import models from django.utils import timezone # Create your models here. # 文件模型 class FileModel(models.Model): # 文件名称 name = models.CharField(max_length=50) # 文件保存路径 path = models.CharField(max_length=100) # 上传时间 upload_time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
然后，在项目根目录下执行下面 2 条命令，将模型结构映射到数据库中
# 数据库映射
Python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
4.自定义表单控件
在内部自定义一个表单类，继承于 forms.Form
from django import forms class FileForm(forms.Form): file = forms.FileField( # 支持多文件上传 widget=forms.ClearableFileInput(attrs={\'multiple\': True}), label=\'请选择文件\', )
5. 添加上传、下载路由 URL
为上传、下载功能添加路由 URL
D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\file_up_and_down_demo\urls.py
# 项目urls.py
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path,include urlpatterns = [ path(\'admin/\', admin.site.urls), path(\'\', include(\'index.urls\')) ]
# index App urls.py
from django.urls import path from .views import * urlpatterns = [ # 上传 path(\'\', index_view, name=\'index\'), # 下载 path(\'download/<id>\', download_view, name=\'download\') ]
6. 编写模板文件
D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\index\templates\upload.html
其中
- form 代表视图函数传过来的表单实体对象
- form.as_p 代表以字段格式渲染所有的表单元素
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>主页-上传文件</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="确定上传"> </form> </body> </html>
7. 上传视图函数
D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\index\views.py
from django.shortcuts import render from index.models import FileModel from index.forms import FileForm from django.http import HttpResponse, FileResponse from django.utils.encoding import escape_uri_path import os import urlquote # Create your views here. def index_view(request): """ 上传文件 :param request: :return: """ if request.method == \'POST\': form = FileForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): # 选择的文件 files = request.FILES.getlist(\'file\') # 遍历写入到数据库中 for file in files: # 写入到数据库中 file_model = FileModel(name=file.name, path=os.path.join(\'./upload\', file.name)) file_model.save() # 写入到服务器本地 destination = open(os.path.join("./upload", file.name), \'wb+\') for chunk in file.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) destination.close() # 提示上传成功 return HttpResponse(\'上传成功!\') else: form = FileForm() return render(request, \'upload.html\', locals()) # 下载视图函数 def download_view(request, id): """ 下载文件 :param request: :param id:文件id :return: """ file_result = FileModel.objects.filter(id=id) # 如果文件存在，就下载文件 if file_result: file = list(file_result)[0] # 文件名称及路径 name = file.name path = file.path # 读取文件 file = open(path, \'rb\') response = FileResponse(file) # 使用urlquote对文件名称进行编码 response[\'Content_type\'] = \'application/octet-stream\' response[\'Content-Disposition\'] = \'attachment;filename="%s"\' % escape_uri_path(name) return response else: return HttpResponse(\'文件不存在!\')
需要提前在项目根目录创建一个 upload 文件夹，用于存放上传的文件
8. 运行并测试
下载