re模块
基础方法:
首先要导入模块,永远不要起一个py文件的名字,这个名字和你已知的模块同名
导入就是在最前面加 import re 就可以加载了
查找 findall , search ,match
1.findall:匹配所有的结果每一项都是列表的一个元素
import re ret = re.findall("\d+","sadfwd354skjfh56") ret = re.findall("\d","sadfwd354skjfh56") print(ret) 输出结果 ["354","56"] ["3","5","4","5","6"]
2.search :只匹配从左到右的第一个,得到的不是直接结果.而是一个变量,通过这个变量的group方法获取结果,如果没有匹配到,会返回None,使用group会报错
import re ret = re.search ("\d+","lkdkkfjds365413gfga54") print(ret.group()) 输出结果 365413
如果直接输出不用group的话搜寻到的是一串内存地址
分析一上的结果我们想要的是所有的数字但是怎么好像就只有一组搜寻的结果呢?
这是因为search它搜寻到一个之后就停止了只有通过用group()一次一次的调出来,其实这一点非常的省内存,因为如果你要处理一个很大的日志文件那么如果一次性用findall全部调出来你也没有办法去处理,不如一个一个的调出来处理
2.match:从右开始匹配,相当于search中的正则表达式前面加^
import re ret = re.match("\d","kjdhsf73221 来回家78") print(ret) 输出结果 None 为什么会出现None呢??是正则表达式有问题吗?还是bug?
不对,我说过match相当于在search前面加^,那么也就是说你输入的匹配对象必须是以数字开头的但是你的这个里面有吗?
很明显没有你要匹配的结果所以返None 是很正常的
但是如果你这样去改你会得到你想要的结果
import re ret = re.match("\d","73221kjdhsf 来回家78") print(ret) 输出结果 <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 1), match=\'7\'> 需要加上group() print(ret.group()) 输出结果 7
字符串处理的扩展:替换 切割
split 切割
spil这个大家应该很熟悉 在列表和字符串的切割中了很多次
ret = re.split("\d+","sd lkghj654slfk 45") print(ret) 输出结果 [\'sd lkghj\', \'slfk \', \'\']
sub 替换 ("正则换","换谁","目标对象" ,"替换次数")
ret = re.sub("\d+","sb_","sjdhfjks44dsf5646asd5g5",3) print(ret) 输出结果 sjdhfjkssb_dsfsb_asdsb_g5
subn替可以显示一个元组,第二个是表示替换的次数
ret = re.subn("\d+","sb_","sjdhfjks44dsf5646asd5g5") print(ret) 输出结果 (\'sjdhfjkssb_dsfsb_asdsb_gsb_\', 4) 可以自动检索出换了几次
re 模块的进阶
compile 节省你使用正则表达式的解决时间问题 (这一点一定要去学这用,用好了可以解决很麻烦的一些问题)
ret = re.compile("\d+") #已经完成编译 res = ret.findall("dlsfj354sdf63sdf") #直接用不用在写规则了 print(res) res = ret.search("dlsfj354sdf63sdf") print(res..group()) 输出结果 [\'354\', \'63\'] 354
编译 就是把正则表达式编译成字节码 ,在多次使用的过程中不会在编译
功能很像闭包 那么好处你就自己体会
finditer 节省你的使用正则表达式解决空间的问题\内存
一般是和上面的compile搭配使用非常的完美
finditer 节省你使用正则表达式解决问题的空间/内存 ret = re.finditer(\'\d+\',\'alex83taibai40egon25\') for i in ret: print(i.group()) 输出结果 83 40 25
正则表达式配合python的re模块真的是在爬虫的时候非常的好用的所以你一定要去多练,现在的我也很乱,但是能够很明显的体会到他的重要给你举一个简单的爬虫的例子
import re from urllib.request import urlopen def getPage(url): # 获取网页的字符串 response = urlopen(url) return response.read().decode(\'utf-8\') def parsePage(s): ret = com.finditer(s) # 从s这个网页源码中 找到所有符合com正则表达式规则的内容 并且以迭代器的形式返回 for i in ret: yield { "id": i.group("id"), "title": i.group("title"), "rating_num": i.group("rating_num"), "comment_num": i.group("comment_num"), } def main(num): # 0 25 50 # 这个函数执行10次,每次爬取一页的内容 url = \'https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=%s&filter=\' % num response_html = getPage(url) # response_html就是这个url对应的html代码 就是 str ret = parsePage(response_html) # ret是一个生成器 print(ret) f = open("move_info7", "a", encoding="utf8") for obj in ret: print(obj) data = str(obj) f.write(data + "\n") f.close() com = re.compile( \'<div class="item">.*?<div class="pic">.*?<em .*?>(?P<id>\d+).*?<span class="title">(?P<title>.*?)</span>\' \'.*?<span class="rating_num" .*?>(?P<rating_num>.*?)</span>.*?<span>(?P<comment_num>.*?)评价</span>\', re.S) count = 0 for i in range(10): main(count) count += 25
输出结果
{\'id\': \'1\', \'title\': \'肖申克的救赎\', \'rating_num\': \'9.6\', \'comment_num\': \'1110608人\'}
{\'id\': \'2\', \'title\': \'霸王别姬\', \'rating_num\': \'9.5\', \'comment_num\': \'810517人\'}
{\'id\': \'3\', \'title\': \'这个杀手不太冷\', \'rating_num\': \'9.4\', \'comment_num\': \'1029464人\'}
{\'id\': \'4\', \'title\': \'阿甘正传\', \'rating_num\': \'9.4\', \'comment_num\': \'878046人\'}
{\'id\': \'5\', \'title\': \'美丽人生\', \'rating_num\': \'9.5\', \'comment_num\': \'512557人\'}
{\'id\': \'6\', \'title\': \'泰坦尼克号\', \'rating_num\': \'9.3\', \'comment_num\': \'816707人\'}
{\'id\': \'7\', \'title\': \'千与千寻\', \'rating_num\': \'9.3\', \'comment_num\': \'817443人\'}
{\'id\': \'8\', \'title\': \'辛德勒的名单\', \'rating_num\': \'9.4\', \'comment_num\': \'463963人\'}
{\'id\': \'9\', \'title\': \'盗梦空间\', \'rating_num\': \'9.3\', \'comment_num\': \'905762人\'}
{\'id\': \'10\', \'title\': \'机器人总动员\', \'rating_num\': \'9.3\', \'comment_num\': \'596973人\'}
{\'id\': \'11\', \'title\': \'忠犬八公的故事\', \'rating_num\': \'9.3\', \'comment_num\': \'574272人\'}
{\'id\': \'12\', \'title\': \'三傻大闹宝莱坞\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'814315人\'}
{\'id\': \'13\', \'title\': \'海上钢琴师\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'688271人\'}
{\'id\': \'14\', \'title\': \'放牛班的春天\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'551563人\'}
{\'id\': \'15\', \'title\': \'大话西游之大圣娶亲\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'605805人\'}
{\'id\': \'16\', \'title\': \'楚门的世界\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'580886人\'}
{\'id\': \'17\', \'title\': \'教父\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'410171人\'}
{\'id\': \'18\', \'title\': \'龙猫\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'504793人\'}
{\'id\': \'19\', \'title\': \'星际穿越\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'603560人\'}
{\'id\': \'20\', \'title\': \'熔炉\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'335665人\'}
{\'id\': \'21\', \'title\': \'无间道\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'492698人\'}
{\'id\': \'22\', \'title\': \'触不可及\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'440881人\'}
{\'id\': \'23\', \'title\': \'乱世佳人\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'315781人\'}
{\'id\': \'24\', \'title\': \'当幸福来敲门\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'649512人\'}
{\'id\': \'25\', \'title\': \'怦然心动\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'690234人\'}
<generator object parsePage at 0x000001E9A92C8938>
{\'id\': \'26\', \'title\': \'天堂电影院\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'351503人\'}
{\'id\': \'27\', \'title\': \'疯狂动物城\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'645101人\'}
{\'id\': \'28\', \'title\': \'十二怒汉\', \'rating_num\': \'9.4\', \'comment_num\': \'201958人\'}
{\'id\': \'29\', \'title\': \'蝙蝠侠：黑暗骑士\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'398072人\'}
{\'id\': \'30\', \'title\': \'鬼子来了\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'280705人\'}
{\'id\': \'31\', \'title\': \'少年派的奇幻漂流\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'677783人\'}
{\'id\': \'32\', \'title\': \'活着\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'330542人\'}
{\'id\': \'33\', \'title\': \'搏击俱乐部\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'451130人\'}
{\'id\': \'34\', \'title\': \'指环王3：王者无敌\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'333329人\'}
{\'id\': \'35\', \'title\': \'天空之城\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'391106人\'}
{\'id\': \'36\', \'title\': \'大话西游之月光宝盒\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'487612人\'}
{\'id\': \'37\', \'title\': \'飞屋环游记\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'591520人\'}
{\'id\': \'38\', \'title\': \'控方证人\', \'rating_num\': \'9.6\', \'comment_num\': \'127129人\'}
{\'id\': \'39\', \'title\': \'罗马假日\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'450949人\'}
{\'id\': \'40\', \'title\': \'窃听风暴\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'265193人\'}
{\'id\': \'41\', \'title\': \'两杆大烟枪\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'310652人\'}
{\'id\': \'42\', \'title\': \'飞越疯人院\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'314239人\'}
{\'id\': \'43\', \'title\': \'闻香识女人\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'381334人\'}
{\'id\': \'44\', \'title\': \'哈尔的移动城堡\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'420219人\'}
{\'id\': \'45\', \'title\': \'辩护人\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'259217人\'}
{\'id\': \'46\', \'title\': \'摔跤吧！爸爸\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'574397人\'}
{\'id\': \'47\', \'title\': \'V字仇杀队\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'494260人\'}
{\'id\': \'48\', \'title\': \'海豚湾\', \'rating_num\': \'9.3\', \'comment_num\': \'205753人\'}
{\'id\': \'49\', \'title\': \'死亡诗社\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'328298人\'}
{\'id\': \'50\', \'title\': \'教父2\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'221230人\'}
<generator object parsePage at 0x000001E9A92C8990>
{\'id\': \'51\', \'title\': \'指环王2：双塔奇兵\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'313036人\'}
{\'id\': \'52\', \'title\': \'美丽心灵\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'351795人\'}
{\'id\': \'53\', \'title\': \'指环王1：魔戒再现\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'350397人\'}
{\'id\': \'54\', \'title\': \'饮食男女\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'239700人\'}
{\'id\': \'55\', \'title\': \'情书\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'431847人\'}
{\'id\': \'56\', \'title\': \'美国往事\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'201372人\'}
{\'id\': \'57\', \'title\': \'狮子王\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'328525人\'}
{\'id\': \'58\', \'title\': \'素媛\', \'rating_num\': \'9.1\', \'comment_num\': \'222755人\'}
{\'id\': \'59\', \'title\': \'钢琴家\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'231766人\'}
{\'id\': \'60\', \'title\': \'小鞋子\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'164833人\'}
{\'id\': \'61\', \'title\': \'七宗罪\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'489389人\'}
{\'id\': \'62\', \'title\': \'天使爱美丽\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'544434人\'}
{\'id\': \'63\', \'title\': \'被嫌弃的松子的一生\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'343222人\'}
{\'id\': \'64\', \'title\': \'致命魔术\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'395980人\'}
{\'id\': \'65\', \'title\': \'本杰明·巴顿奇事\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'449391人\'}
{\'id\': \'66\', \'title\': \'音乐之声\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'264767人\'}
{\'id\': \'67\', \'title\': \'西西里的美丽传说\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'413166人\'}
{\'id\': \'68\', \'title\': \'勇敢的心\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'327919人\'}
{\'id\': \'69\', \'title\': \'拯救大兵瑞恩\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'279632人\'}
{\'id\': \'70\', \'title\': \'黑客帝国\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'326107人\'}
{\'id\': \'71\', \'title\': \'低俗小说\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'386370人\'}
{\'id\': \'72\', \'title\': \'让子弹飞\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'729096人\'}
{\'id\': \'73\', \'title\': \'剪刀手爱德华\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'549855人\'}
{\'id\': \'74\', \'title\': \'看不见的客人\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'423833人\'}
{\'id\': \'75\', \'title\': \'沉默的羔羊\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'401287人\'}
<generator object parsePage at 0x000001E9A92C89E8>
{\'id\': \'76\', \'title\': \'蝴蝶效应\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'436033人\'}
{\'id\': \'77\', \'title\': \'入殓师\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'349745人\'}
{\'id\': \'78\', \'title\': \'大闹天宫\', \'rating_num\': \'9.3\', \'comment_num\': \'122431人\'}
{\'id\': \'79\', \'title\': \'春光乍泄\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'286016人\'}
{\'id\': \'80\', \'title\': \'末代皇帝\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'207957人\'}
{\'id\': \'81\', \'title\': \'心灵捕手\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'313572人\'}
{\'id\': \'82\', \'title\': \'玛丽和马克思\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'253064人\'}
{\'id\': \'83\', \'title\': \'阳光灿烂的日子\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'312123人\'}
{\'id\': \'84\', \'title\': \'哈利·波特与魔法石\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'311485人\'}
{\'id\': \'85\', \'title\': \'布达佩斯大饭店\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'373192人\'}
{\'id\': \'86\', \'title\': \'幽灵公主\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'266783人\'}
{\'id\': \'87\', \'title\': \'第六感\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'265615人\'}
{\'id\': \'88\', \'title\': \'禁闭岛\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'413581人\'}
{\'id\': \'89\', \'title\': \'重庆森林\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'379387人\'}
{\'id\': \'90\', \'title\': \'猫鼠游戏\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'273312人\'}
{\'id\': \'91\', \'title\': \'狩猎\', \'rating_num\': \'9.0\', \'comment_num\': \'153497人\'}
{\'id\': \'92\', \'title\': \'致命ID\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'364001人\'}
{\'id\': \'93\', \'title\': \'断背山\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'362821人\'}
{\'id\': \'94\', \'title\': \'大鱼\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'285050人\'}
{\'id\': \'95\', \'title\': \'甜蜜蜜\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'258436人\'}
{\'id\': \'96\', \'title\': \'射雕英雄传之东成西就\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'311173人\'}
{\'id\': \'97\', \'title\': \'加勒比海盗\', \'rating_num\': \'8.6\', \'comment_num\': \'396558人\'}
{\'id\': \'98\', \'title\': \'穿条纹睡衣的男孩\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'177287人\'}
{\'id\': \'99\', \'title\': \'告白\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'385590人\'}
{\'id\': \'100\', \'title\': \'一一\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'174655人\'}
<generator object parsePage at 0x000001E9A92C8A40>
{\'id\': \'101\', \'title\': \'阳光姐妹淘\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'304344人\'}
{\'id\': \'102\', \'title\': \'摩登时代\', \'rating_num\': \'9.2\', \'comment_num\': \'105048人\'}
{\'id\': \'103\', \'title\': \'阿凡达\', \'rating_num\': \'8.6\', \'comment_num\': \'597629人\'}
{\'id\': \'104\', \'title\': \'上帝之城\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'172832人\'}
{\'id\': \'105\', \'title\': \'爱在黎明破晓前\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'251502人\'}
{\'id\': \'106\', \'title\': \'消失的爱人\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'408663人\'}
{\'id\': \'107\', \'title\': \'风之谷\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'198367人\'}
{\'id\': \'108\', \'title\': \'爱在日落黄昏时\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'223399人\'}
{\'id\': \'109\', \'title\': \'侧耳倾听\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'194446人\'}
{\'id\': \'110\', \'title\': \'超脱\', \'rating_num\': \'8.8\', \'comment_num\': \'199326人\'}
{\'id\': \'111\', \'title\': \'倩女幽魂\', \'rating_num\': \'8.6\', \'comment_num\': \'295664人\'}
{\'id\': \'112\', \'title\': \'恐怖直播\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'260209人\'}
{\'id\': \'113\', \'title\': \'红辣椒\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'156326人\'}
{\'id\': \'114\', \'title\': \'小森林 夏秋篇\', \'rating_num\': \'8.9\', \'comment_num\': \'159202人\'}
{\'id\': \'115\', \'title\': \'喜剧之王\', \'rating_num\': \'8.6\', \'comment_num\': \'366688人\'}
{\'id\': \'116\', \'title\': \'菊次郎的夏天\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'211999人\'}
{\'id\': \'117\', \'title\': \'驯龙高手\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'324034人\'}
{\'id\': \'118\', \'title\': \'幸福终点站\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'251181人\'}
{\'id\': \'119\', \'title\': \'萤火虫之墓\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'226879人\'}
{\'id\': \'120\', \'title\': \'借东西的小人阿莉埃蒂\', \'rating_num\': \'8.7\', \'comment_num\': \'244269人\'}
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爬到是豆瓣的电影评分