下面我们看看HBase Shell的一些基本操作命令，我列出了几个常用的HBase Shell命令，如下：
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名称 |
命令表达式 |
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创建表 |
create \'表名称\', \'列名称1\',\'列名称2\',\'列名称N\' |
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添加记录 |
put \'表名称\', \'行名称\', \'列名称:\', \'值\' |
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查看记录 |
get \'表名称\', \'行名称\' |
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查看表中的记录总数 |
count \'表名称\' |
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删除记录 |
delete \'表名\' ,\'行名称\' , \'列名称\' |
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删除一张表 |
先要屏蔽该表，才能对该表进行删除，第一步 disable \'表名称\' 第二步 drop \'表名称\' |
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查看所有记录 |
scan "表名称" |
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查看某个表某个列中所有数据 |
scan "表名称" , [\'列名称:\'] |
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更新记录 |
就是重写一遍进行覆盖 |
下面是一些常见命令的说明，在hbaseshell中输入help的帮助信息，在本文中，我们先介绍前3个，后面2个，将在下一篇博文中介绍。
COMMAND GROUPS:
Group name: general
Commands: status, version
Group name: ddl
Commands: alter, create, describe, disable,drop, enable, exists, is_disabled, is_enabled, list
Group name: dml
Commands: count, delete, deleteall, get,get_counter, incr, put, scan, truncate
Group name: tools
Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer,close_region, compact, flush, major_compact, move, split, unassign, zk_dump
Group name: replication
Commands: add_peer, disable_peer,enable_peer, remove_peer, start_replication, stop_replication
一、一般操作
1.查询服务器状态
hbase(main):024:0>status
3 servers, 0 dead,1.0000 average load
2.查询hive版本
hbase(main):025:0>version
0.90.4, r1150278,Sun Jul 24 15:53:29 PDT 2011
二、DDL操作
1.创建一个表
hbase(main):011:0>create \'member\',\'member_id\',\'address\',\'info\'
0 row(s) in 1.2210seconds
2.获得表的描述
hbase(main):012:0>list
TABLE
member
1 row(s) in 0.0160seconds
hbase(main):006:0>describe \'member\'
DESCRIPTION ENABLED
{NAME => \'member\', FAMILIES => [{NAME=> \'address\', BLOOMFILTER => \'NONE\', REPLICATION_SCOPE => \'0\', true
VERSIONS => \'3\', COMPRESSION => \'NONE\',TTL => \'2147483647\', BLOCKSIZE => \'65536\', IN_MEMORY => \'fa
lse\', BLOCKCACHE => \'true\'}, {NAME =>\'info\', BLOOMFILTER => \'NONE\', REPLICATION_SCOPE => \'0\', VERSI
ONS => \'3\', COMPRESSION => \'NONE\', TTL=> \'2147483647\', BLOCKSIZE => \'65536\', IN_MEMORY => \'false\',
BLOCKCACHE => \'true\'}]}
1 row(s) in 0.0230seconds
3.删除一个列族，alter，disable，enable
我们之前建了3个列族，但是发现member_id这个列族是多余的，因为他就是主键，所以我们要将其删除。
hbase(main):003:0>alter \'member\',{NAME=>\'member_id\',METHOD=>\'delete\'}
ERROR: Table memberis enabled. Disable it first before altering.
报错，删除列族的时候必须先将表给disable掉。
hbase(main):004:0>disable \'member\'
0 row(s) in 2.0390seconds
hbase(main):005:0>alter\'member\',{NAME=>\'member_id\',METHOD=>\'delete\'}
0 row(s) in 0.0560seconds
hbase(main):006:0>describe \'member\'
DESCRIPTION ENABLED
{NAME => \'member\', FAMILIES => [{NAME=> \'address\', BLOOMFILTER => \'NONE\', REPLICATION_SCOPE => \'0\',false
VERSIONS => \'3\', COMPRESSION => \'NONE\',TTL => \'2147483647\', BLOCKSIZE => \'65536\', IN_MEMORY => \'fa
lse\', BLOCKCACHE => \'true\'}, {NAME =>\'info\', BLOOMFILTER => \'NONE\', REPLICATION_SCOPE => \'0\', VERSI
ONS => \'3\', COMPRESSION => \'NONE\', TTL=> \'2147483647\', BLOCKSIZE => \'65536\', IN_MEMORY => \'false\',
BLOCKCACHE => \'true\'}]}
1 row(s) in 0.0230seconds
该列族已经删除，我们继续将表enable
hbase(main):008:0> enable \'member\'
0 row(s) in 2.0420seconds
4.列出所有的表
hbase(main):028:0>list
TABLE
member
temp_table
2 row(s) in 0.0150seconds
5.drop一个表
hbase(main):029:0>disable \'temp_table\'
0 row(s) in 2.0590seconds
hbase(main):030:0>drop \'temp_table\'
0 row(s) in 1.1070seconds
6.查询表是否存在
hbase(main):021:0>exists \'member\'
Table member doesexist
0 row(s) in 0.1610seconds
7.判断表是否enable
hbase(main):034:0>is_enabled \'member\'
true
0 row(s) in 0.0110seconds
8.判断表是否disable
hbase(main):032:0>is_disabled \'member\'
false
0 row(s) in 0.0110seconds
三、DML操作
1.插入几条记录
put\'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'info:age\',\'24\'
put\'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'info:birthday\',\'1987-06-17\'
put\'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'info:company\',\'alibaba\'
put\'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'address:contry\',\'china\'
put\'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'address:province\',\'zhejiang\'
put\'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'address:city\',\'hangzhou\'
put\'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'info:birthday\',\'1987-4-17\'
put\'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'info:favorite\',\'movie\'
put\'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'info:company\',\'alibaba\'
put\'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'address:contry\',\'china\'
put\'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'address:province\',\'guangdong\'
put\'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'address:city\',\'jieyang\'
put\'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'address:town\',\'xianqiao\'
2.获取一条数据
获取一个id的所有数据
hbase(main):001:0>get \'member\',\'scutshuxue\'
COLUMN CELL
address:city timestamp=1321586240244, value=hangzhou
address:contry timestamp=1321586239126, value=china
address:province timestamp=1321586239197, value=zhejiang
info:age timestamp=1321586238965, value=24
info:birthday timestamp=1321586239015, value=1987-06-17
info:company timestamp=1321586239071, value=alibaba
6 row(s) in 0.4720seconds
获取一个id，一个列族的所有数据
hbase(main):002:0>get \'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'info\'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586238965, value=24
info:birthday timestamp=1321586239015, value=1987-06-17
info:company timestamp=1321586239071, value=alibaba
3 row(s) in 0.0210seconds
获取一个id，一个列族中一个列的所有数据
hbase(main):002:0>get \'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'info:age\'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586238965, value=24
1 row(s) in 0.0320seconds
6.更新一条记录
将scutshuxue的年龄改成99
hbase(main):004:0>put \'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'info:age\' ,\'99\'
0 row(s) in 0.0210seconds
hbase(main):005:0>get \'member\',\'scutshuxue\',\'info:age\'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586571843, value=99
1 row(s) in 0.0180seconds
3.通过timestamp来获取两个版本的数据
hbase(main):010:0>get \'member\',\'scutshuxue\',{COLUMN=>\'info:age\',TIMESTAMP=>1321586238965}
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586238965, value=24
1 row(s) in 0.0140seconds
hbase(main):011:0>get \'member\',\'scutshuxue\',{COLUMN=>\'info:age\',TIMESTAMP=>1321586571843}
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586571843, value=99
1 row(s) in 0.0180seconds
4.全表扫描：
hbase(main):013:0>scan \'member\'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
scutshuxue column=address:city, timestamp=1321586240244, value=hangzhou
scutshuxue column=address:contry, timestamp=1321586239126, value=china
scutshuxue column=address:province, timestamp=1321586239197, value=zhejiang
scutshuxue column=info:age,timestamp=1321586571843, value=99
scutshuxue column=info:birthday, timestamp=1321586239015, value=1987-06-17
scutshuxue column=info:company, timestamp=1321586239071, value=alibaba
temp column=info:age, timestamp=1321589609775, value=59
xiaofeng column=address:city, timestamp=1321586248400, value=jieyang
xiaofeng column=address:contry, timestamp=1321586248316, value=china
xiaofeng column=address:province, timestamp=1321586248355, value=guangdong
xiaofeng column=address:town, timestamp=1321586249564, value=xianqiao
xiaofeng column=info:birthday, timestamp=1321586248202, value=1987-4-17
xiaofeng column=info:company, timestamp=1321586248277, value=alibaba
xiaofeng column=info:favorite, timestamp=1321586248241, value=movie
3 row(s) in 0.0570seconds
5.删除id为temp的值的‘info:age’字段
hbase(main):016:0>delete \'member\',\'temp\',\'info:age\'
0 row(s) in 0.0150seconds
hbase(main):018:0>get \'member\',\'temp\'
COLUMN CELL
0 row(s) in 0.0150seconds
6.删除整行
hbase(main):001:0>deleteall \'member\',\'xiaofeng\'
0 row(s) in 0.3990seconds
7.查询表中有多少行：
hbase(main):019:0>count \'member\'
2 row(s) in 0.0160seconds
8.给‘xiaofeng’这个id增加\'info:age\'字段，并使用counter实现递增
hbase(main):057:0*incr \'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'info:age\'
COUNTER VALUE = 1
hbase(main):058:0>get \'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'info:age\'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321590997648, value=\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01
1 row(s) in 0.0140seconds
hbase(main):059:0>incr \'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'info:age\'
COUNTER VALUE = 2
hbase(main):060:0>get \'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'info:age\'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321591025110, value=\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02
1 row(s) in 0.0160seconds
获取当前count的值
hbase(main):069:0>get_counter \'member\',\'xiaofeng\',\'info:age\'
COUNTER VALUE = 2
9.将整张表清空：
hbase(main):035:0>truncate \'member\'
Truncating \'member\'table (it may take a while):
- Disabling table...
- Dropping table...
- Creating table...
0 row(s) in 4.3430seconds
可以看出，hbase是先将掉disable掉，然后drop掉后重建表来实现truncate的功能的。