《简明 Python 教程》笔记-----面向对象及系统相关
number = 1
while number < 5:
print number
number += 1
print \'Done\'
上面的代码会一直输出1，因为下一句number+=1不在while的范围内
if guess == number: print \'a.\'elif guess < number: print \'b\'else: print \'c\'
global x
print \'x is\', x
x = 2
print \'Changed local x to\', x
x = 50
func()
print \'Value of x is\', x
def func(a, b=5)有效，def func(a=5, b）无效输入：
def func(a, b=5, c=10):
print \'a is\', a, \'and b is\', b, \'and c is\', c
func(3, 7)
func(25, c=24)
func(c=50, a=100)
输出：
a is 3 and b is 7 and c is 10
a is 25 and b is 5 and c is 24
a is 100 and b is 5 and c is 50
def printMax(x):
\'\'\'Prints the maximum of two numbers.
The two values must be integers.\'\'\'
x = int(x)
print y
printMax(3)
print printMax.__doc__ #调用函数文档
“文档字符串的惯例是一个多行字符串，它的首行以大写字母开始，句号结尾。第二行是空行，从第三行开始是详细的描述。 强烈建议 你在你的函数中使用文档字符串时遵循这个惯例。”
13、模块
每个.py文件都是一个模块
模块间可互相调用
# Filename: mymodule1.py
def sayhi():
print \'Hi, this is mymodule speaking.\'
version = \'0.1\'
# Filename: mymodule_demo.py
import mymodule1
mymodule1.sayhi()
print \'Version\', mymodule1.version
# Filename: mymodule_demo2.py
from mymodule import sayhi, version
sayhi()
print \'Version\', version
demo和demo2都会输出：
Hi, this is mymodule speaking.
Version 0.1
14、可以用dir()函数来列出模块定义的标识符。标识符有函数、类和变量。
15、我们在print语句的结尾使用了一个 逗号 来消除每个print语句自动打印的换行符
16、数据结构：
列表：元素是可变的
shoplist = [\'apple\', \'mango\', \'carrot\', \'banana\']
print len(shoplist),\'
shoplist.append(\'rice\')
shoplist.sort()
for item in shoplist: print item,
元组：元素是不可变的
zoo = (\'wolf\', \'elephant\', \'penguin\') print \'Number of animals in the zoo is\', len(zoo) new_zoo = (\'monkey\', \'dolphin\', zoo) print \'Number of animals in the new zoo is\', len(new_zoo) print \'All animals in new zoo are\', new_zoo print \'Animals brought from old zoo are\', new_zoo[2] print \'Last animal brought from old zoo is\', new_zoo[2][2]
字典：删除，插入，查找，遍历
ab = { \'Swaroop\' : \'swaroopch@byteofpython.info\',
\'Larry\' : \'larry@wall.org\',
\'Matsumoto\' : \'matz@ruby-lang.org\',
\'Spammer\' : \'spammer@hotmail.com\'
}
print "Swaroop\'s address is %s" % ab[\'Swaroop\']
ab[\'Guido\'] = \'guido@python.org\'
del ab[\'Spammer\']
print \'%d\' % len(ab)
for name, address in ab.items():
print \'Contact %s at %s\' % (name, address)
if \'Guido\' in ab:
print "\nGuido\'s address is %s" % ab[\'Guido\']
序列：切片操作符，左闭右开
shoplist = [\'apple\', \'mango\', \'carrot\', \'banana\']
print \'Item 1 to 3 is\', shoplist[1:3] print \'Item 2 to end is\', shoplist[2:] print \'Item start to end is\', shoplist[:]
name = \'swaroop\' print \'characters 1 to 3 is\', name[1:3] print \'characters 2 to end is\', name[2:] print \'characters start to end is\', name[:]
参考：感觉就是指针
如果直接复制‘=’一个列表，那是原参数本身，同一块内存
如果是想重新申请一块相同内存的新的参数，那就得用切片操作符来拷贝
shoplist = [\'apple\', \'mango\', \'carrot\', \'banana\']
mylist = shoplist
del shoplist[0]
输出是：
shoplist is [\'mango\', \'carrot\', \'banana\']
mylist is [\'mango\', \'carrot\', \'banana\']
shoplist = [\'apple\', \'mango\', \'carrot\', \'banana\']
mylist = shoplist[:]
del shoplist[0]
输出是：
shoplist is [\'mango\', \'carrot\', \'banana\']
mylist is [\'apple\', \'mango\', \'carrot\', \'banana\']
字符串的方法：一些字符串的处理方法，给的不全，有判断开头，查找某一部分，将列表转化成字符串（间隔差值）
name = \'Swaroop\'
if name.startswith(\'Swa\'):
print 1
if \'a\' in name:
print 1
if name.find(\'war\') != -1:
print 1
delimiter = \'_*_\'
mylist = [\'Brazil\', \'Russia\', \'India\', \'China\']
print delimiter.join(mylist)