Spring事务Transaction配置的五种注入方式详解
前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
总结如下：
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
具体如下图：
根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：
第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理
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<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
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<bean id="sessionFactory"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
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<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
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<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
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</bean>
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<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
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<bean id="transactionManager"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
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<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
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</bean>
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<!-- 配置DAO -->
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<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
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<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
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</bean>
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<bean id="userDao"
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class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
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<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
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<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
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<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
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<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
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<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
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<property name="transactionAttributes">
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<props>
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<prop key="*"> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
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</props>
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</property>
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</bean>
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</beans>
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第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类
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<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
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<bean id="sessionFactory"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
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<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
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<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
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</bean>
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<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
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<bean id="transactionManager"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
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<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
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</bean>
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<bean id="transactionBase"
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class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
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lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
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<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
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<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
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<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
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<property name="transactionAttributes">
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<props>
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<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
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</props>
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</property>
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</bean>
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<!-- 配置DAO -->
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<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
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<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
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</bean>
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<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase">
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<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
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</bean>
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</beans>
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第三种方式：使用拦截器
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<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
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<bean id="sessionFactory"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
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<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
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<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
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</bean>
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<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
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<bean id="transactionManager"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
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<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
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</bean>
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<bean id="transactionInterceptor"
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class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
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<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
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<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
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<property name="transactionAttributes">
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<props>
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<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
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</props>
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</property>
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</bean>
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<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
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<property name="beanNames">
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<list>
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<value> *Dao </value>
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</list>
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</property>
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<property name="interceptorNames">
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<list>
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<value> transactionInterceptor </value>
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</list>
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</property>
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</bean>
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<!-- 配置DAO -->
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<bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
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<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
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</bean>
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</beans>
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第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器
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<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
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xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
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<context:annotation-config />
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<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
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<bean id="sessionFactory"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
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<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
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<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
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</bean>
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<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
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<bean id="transactionManager"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
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<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
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</bean>
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<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
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<tx:attributes>
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<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
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</tx:attributes>
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</tx:advice>
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<aop:config>
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<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
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expression="execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
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<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
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pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
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</aop:config>
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</beans>
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第五种方式：全注解
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<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
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xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
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<context:annotation-config />
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<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
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<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
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<bean id="sessionFactory"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
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<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
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<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
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</bean>
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<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
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<bean id="transactionManager"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
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<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
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</bean>
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</beans>
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此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：
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package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
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import java.util.List;
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import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
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import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
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@Transactional |
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@Component( " userDao " )
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public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
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public List <User> listUsers() {
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return this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
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}
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} |