127.0.0.1:9200<br>URL: http://127.0.0.1:9200/likecs_art_db/_search<br>REQUEST:<pre>Array
(
    [query] => Array
        (
            [match] => Array
                (
                    [text] => Array
                        (
                            [query] => MySQL 在高并发下的 订单撮合 系统使用 共享锁 与 排他锁 保证数据一致性
                        )

                )

        )

    [highlight] => Array
        (
            [fields] => Array
                (
                    [text] => stdClass Object
                        (
                        )

                )

            [pre_tags] => #em#
            [post_tags] => #/em#
        )

    [size] => 8
    [from] => 0
)
</pre>RESPONSE:<pre>string(8238) "{"took":146,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":1,"successful":1,"skipped":0,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":{"value":10000,"relation":"gte"},"max_score":83.4716,"hits":[{"_index":"likecs_art_db","_type":"_doc","_id":"41479","_score":83.4716,"_source":{"id":"41479","text":"MySQL \u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u7684 \u8ba2\u5355\u64ae\u5408 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528 \u5171\u4eab\u9501 \u4e0e \u6392\u4ed6\u9501 \u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027","intro":"\u76ee\u5f55\n\nECharts\n\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d\n\n\n\nECharts\r\n\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\r\nchart.setOption({\r\n    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#em#保#/em##em#证#/em##em#数#/em##em#据#/em##em#一#/em##em#致#/em##em#性#/em#"]}},{"_index":"likecs_art_db","_type":"_doc","_id":"816278","_score":50.502293,"_source":{"id":"816278","text":"mysql\u5171\u4eab\u9501\u4e0e\u6392\u4ed6\u9501","intro":"\u76ee\u5f55\n\nECharts\n\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d\n\n\n\nECharts\r\n\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\r\nchart.setOption({\r\n    color: [\r\n        ","username":"boblogsbo","tagsname":null,"tagsid":"","catesname":"","catesid":"","createtime":"1637239977"},"highlight":{"text":["#em#mysql#/em##em#共#/em##em#享#/em##em#锁#/em##em#与#/em##em#排#/em##em#他#/em##em#锁#/em#"]}},{"_index":"likecs_art_db","_type":"_doc","_id":"816298","_score":50.502293,"_source":{"id":"816298","text":"Mysql\u5171\u4eab\u9501\u4e0e\u6392\u4ed6\u9501","intro":"\u76ee\u5f55\n\nECharts\n\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d\n\n\n\nECharts\r\n\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\r\nchart.setOption({\r\n    color: [\r\n        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color: [\r\n        ","username":"panxuejun","tagsname":null,"tagsid":"","catesname":"","catesid":"","createtime":"1641616124"},"highlight":{"text":["#em#共#/em##em#享#/em##em#锁#/em##em#与#/em##em#排#/em#它#em#锁#/em#区别（转）\n    \n\n\n\n\n\n            #em#mysql#/em##em#共#/em##em#享#/em##em#锁#/em##em#与#/em##em#排#/em##em#他#/em##em#锁#/em#"]}},{"_index":"likecs_art_db","_type":"_doc","_id":"1030562","_score":47.722305,"_source":{"id":"1030562","text":"\u5171\u4eab\u9501\u4e0e\u6392\u4ed6\u9501","intro":"\u76ee\u5f55\n\nECharts\n\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d\n\n\n\nECharts\r\n\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\r\nchart.setOption({\r\n  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</pre>127.0.0.1:9200<br>URL: http://127.0.0.1:9200/likecs_art_db/_search<br>REQUEST:<pre>Array
(
    [query] => Array
        (
            [match] => Array
                (
                    [text] => Array
                        (
                            [query] => MySQL 在高并发下的 订单撮合 系统使用 共享锁 与 排他锁 保证数据一致性
                        )

                )

        )

    [highlight] => Array
        (
            [fields] => Array
                (
                    [text] => stdClass Object
                        (
                        )

                )

            [pre_tags] => #em#
            [post_tags] => #/em#
        )

    [size] => 8
    [from] => 8
)
</pre>RESPONSE:<pre>string(8156) "{"took":161,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":1,"successful":1,"skipped":0,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":{"value":10000,"relation":"gte"},"max_score":83.4716,"hits":[{"_index":"likecs_art_db","_type":"_doc","_id":"1030553","_score":45.423122,"_source":{"id":"1030553","text":"\u5171\u4eab\u9501\u3001\u6392\u4ed6\u9501\u4e0e\u610f\u5411\u9501","intro":"\u76ee\u5f55\n\nECharts\n\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d\n\n\n\nECharts\r\n\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\r\nchart.setOption({\r\n    color: [\r\n        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</pre>127.0.0.1:9200<br>URL: http://192.168.101.128/searchcore/index.php/cihere_cn_db/_search<br>REQUEST:<pre>Array
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                        <h1 class="page-title"><a href="/show-41479.html" title="MySQL 在高并发下的 订单撮合 系统使用 共享锁 与 排他锁 保证数据一致性">MySQL 在高并发下的 订单撮合 系统使用 共享锁 与 排他锁 保证数据一致性</a></h1>
            
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            <footer class="tc"> linguanh 
                <time class="post-date" datetime="2021-11-28">2021-11-28</time>
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            <div class="contentbef">  
                  
                              </div>

            
                                    
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            <div class="postBody">
                <div id="likecs_post_body" class="blogpost-body cnblogs-markdown">
<blockquote>
<p>作者：林冠宏 / 指尖下的幽灵</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>掘金：<a href="https://juejin.im/user/587f0dfe128fe100570ce2d8" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">https://juejin.im/user/587f0dfe128fe100570ce2d8</a></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>博客：<a href="/default/index/url?u=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jbmJsb2dzLmNvbS9saW5ndWFuaC8%3D" target="_blank">http://www.cnblogs.com/linguanh/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>GitHub ： <a href="https://github.com/af913337456/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/af913337456/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>腾讯云专栏：  <a href="https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/user/1148436/activities" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/user/1148436/activities</a></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>虫洞区块链专栏：<a href="https://www.chongdongshequ.com/article/1536563643883.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">https://www.chongdongshequ.com/article/1536563643883.html</a></p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<h3 id="前序">前序</h3>
<p>距离上次择文发表，两月余久。2018年也即将要结束了，目前的工作依然是与<code>区块链应用</code>相关的，也很荣幸在9月初受邀签约出版暂名为<code>《区块链以太坊DApp实战开发》</code>一书，预计在明年年初出版。</p>
<p>这次让我有感记录这篇文章的原因是最近在使用<code>Go</code>语言重写一个原来由<code>PHP</code>语言编写的<code>交易所订单撮合模块</code>的时候，发现<code>订单撮合</code>的部分<code>代码</code>在撮合的时候，为保证各表数据在并发情况下不出现读写脏乱而采用了<code>全局锁表</code>的操作。后面我采用了<code>共享锁</code>的形式进行了修改，于刚刚重写完，并进行了<code>并发单元测试</code>，表现正常。</p>
<h3 id="目录">目录</h3>
<ul>
<li>场景描述</li>
<li>解决问题</li>
<li>订单撮合实例</li>
<li>共享锁 与 排他锁
<ul>
<li>前置知识</li>
<li>行锁与表锁</li>
<li>两种行锁的特点</li>
<li>两种行锁的加锁方式</li>
<li>锁的释放</li>
<li>操作例子</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>改造代码片段</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="场景描述">场景描述</h3>
<p>高并发的业务常见是有很多种类的，最常见的例如<code>秒杀抢购</code>。它们都有一个共同的特点就是数据更新都比较频繁，通常涉及到多张业务表的<code>增改</code>操作，且表格越多的，要考虑的问题也越多。</p>
<p>订单撮合可以理解为订单买卖，拿这个为例子进行列举一个可能会导致数据错乱的情形。假设现在买卖手机，A用户是要买手机的，B用户是卖手机的。A的<code>买入单</code>订单1，和B的<code>卖出单</code>订单2，订单2卖出手机，一台手机卖1000元。此时A的网上的钱包余额是1001元，刚好比手机价格高，是可以成交的。</p>
<p>此时记录用户钱包钱数数量的是一张数据表。每次花费了钱或者增加了钱，都要更新这个表。</p>
<p>当这两笔订单进入到系统里面进行撮合。假设系统的订单撮合运行流程如下图所示：</p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAxMDkzNTctNzk1MTU5ODYyLnBuZw%3D%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>当判断条件进行A用户的钱包余额判断的时候，发现 1001 &gt; 1000，结果是通过，此时准备进入“进行记录更细”步骤。但是，就在这个过程之中的时间差中，A用户使用了系统的网上提现功能，并成功转出了10元，剩余的是<code>1001 - 10 = 991</code>元。但是由于撮合系统的余额判断过程以及通过了，导致下面的交易流程依然能进行，最终A用991元买了B的1000元售价的手机。</p>
<h3 id="解决问题">解决问题</h3>
<p>上述的常见问题是一个很简单的模型，现实的系统中往往是更复杂的。但是它所体现出的问题却是真实存在的，对于这类问题，有很多解决方案。其中，就可以考虑使用数据库的锁。</p>
<p>本文要介绍的是<code>MySQL数据库</code>的<code>共享锁</code> 与 <code>排他锁</code>，其它的不作说明或引申。</p>
<h3 id="订单撮合实例">订单撮合实例</h3>
<p>下面的截图就是我所重写好的撮合系统原始的<code>PHP</code>代码，所使用了<code>表锁</code>的方式来解决前面的并发读写导致数据脏乱的问题。这种方式虽然是解决了问题，但是导致了<code>性能低下</code>的问题。</p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAxMTc4MjktMTcxNjkwMjYyMi5wbmc%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<h3 id="共享锁-与-排他锁">共享锁 与 排他锁</h3>
<h4 id="前置知识">前置知识：</h4>
<ul>
<li>MySQL 是数据库，不是<code>数据库引擎</code>
</li>
<li>MySQL有两种常用存储引擎: <code>MyISAM</code>和<code>InnoDB</code>
</li>
<li>
<code>MyISAM</code>不支持事务操作，<code>InnoDB</code>支持事务操作</li>
<li>MySQL 的锁分有 <code>行锁</code> 和 <code>表锁</code>
</li>
<li>MyISAM 只有表锁</li>
<li>Innodb 行锁，表锁都有</li>
<li>行锁中有<code>共享锁</code>和<code>排他锁</code>
</li>
<li>
<code>共享锁</code> 简称 S锁，<code>排他锁</code>简称 X锁</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="行锁与表锁">行锁与表锁</h4>
<p>简述：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>行锁，锁的是表中对应的行，只限制当前行的读写。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>表锁，锁的是整张表，限制的是整张表的数据读写。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>比较：</p>
<ul>
<li>行锁，计算机资源开销大，加锁慢；会出现<code>死锁</code>；锁定粒度最小，锁冲突的概率最低，<code>并发度</code>最高，性能高。</li>
<li>表锁，计算机资源开销小，加锁快；不会出现<code>死锁</code>；锁定粒度大，锁冲突的概率最高，<code>并发度</code>最低，性能低。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="两种行锁的特点">两种行锁的特点</h4>
<p>共享锁</p>
<blockquote>
<p>A 对数据 B 加了 共享锁，A能读取和修改数据B，C 等其它只<code>能读取</code>数据B，但是<code>不能修改</code>。直至A释放了B的锁。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>排他锁</p>
<blockquote>
<p>A 对数据 B 加了 排他锁，A能读取和修改数据B，C 等其它不能再对数据B加其它的锁。直观体验是不能修改，不能使用含有加锁动作的<code>select</code>读取。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="两种行锁的加锁方式">两种行锁的加锁方式</h4>
<p>要注意的是：</p>
<ul>
<li>行锁的实现SQL语句中必须要有索引的限制条件，例如含有 <code>where id=xxx</code> 这类语句。</li>
<li>行锁的实现SQL语句没有索引限制条件会变成<code>表锁</code>
</li>
<li>
<code>InnoDB引擎</code> 默认的<code>修改数据</code>类SQL语句，<code>update</code>,<code>delete</code>,<code>insert</code>等，都会自动给涉及到的数据加上排他锁。</li>
</ul>
<p>共享锁</p>
<ul>
<li>select 的添加可以使用满足格式：<code>select ... where 索引限制 lock in share mode</code> 的语句。例如“select name from lgh_user where id = 1 lock in share model” 此时 id 是索引。</li>
</ul>
<p>排他锁</p>
<ul>
<li>满足格式：<code>select ... where 索引限制 for update</code> 的语句</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="锁的释放">锁的释放</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>非事务(Transaction) 中，语句执行完毕，便释放锁。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>行锁在事务 (Transaction) 中，只有等到当前的事务Transaction 进行了 commit 或 roll back，锁才能释放。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="操作例子">操作例子</h4>
<p>演示事务 tx 中的例子，文字解析见图。</p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAxMzE3OTctMTE2Nzk5OTk2LnBuZw%3D%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAxMzc1NzMtMzY3ODI5NjA4LnBuZw%3D%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAxNDQwOTUtNjg2MTc5NDQ2LnBuZw%3D%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAxNTAyOTEtODI2MDkwMzQ5LnBuZw%3D%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAxNTgzMjQtMTkzMjI4NTA2Ni5wbmc%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAyMDc1NDEtODkyMTQwMjQxLnBuZw%3D%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAyMTc3OTItMTkwNzQ1NzE4MC5wbmc%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAyMjUyMjUtMTAwNzI4MjUucG5n" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<h3 id="改造代码片段">改造代码片段</h3>
<p>撮合中的所有<code>表锁</code>替换成了<code>共享锁</code>，运行其它业务读取所锁的行数据，在当前事务的批量操作还没结束之前，不允许修改。</p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNjkwOTI3LzIwMTkwNi82OTA5MjctMjAxOTA2MTcxNDAyMzIwNjAtMTQ5NzMwNTkzMC5wbmc%3D" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<h2 id="完">完</h2>

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