8.1 M语言控制模型的仿真
M语言与Simulink结合的方式：
- 在Simulink模型或模块中使用回调函数
- 在M语言中调用与模型相关的命令，控制模型的建立，设置模块的属性，增删信号线，以及运行模型仿真等
为了调用和操作Simulink模型，M语言中最常用的函数有sim、set_param、get_param。
8.1.1 sim控制模型仿真及参数配置
（1）simOut=sim(\'model\',\'ParameterName1\',value1,\'ParameterName2\',value2,...);
对名为model的模型进行仿真，仿真时将其参数通过[参数名,参数值]的方式进行配置。
simOut是一个Simulink.SimulationOutput对象，包含了仿真的输出：仿真采样时间、状态值和信号值。
sim_out=sim(\'mymodel\',\'SimulationMode\',\'Normal\',\'stoptime\',\'30\');
（2）simOut=sim(\'model\',ParameterStruct);
仿真时通过结构体变量配置参数。
param_struct=struct(\'SimulationMode\',\'Normal\',\'stoptime\',\'30\'); sim_out=sim(\'mymodel\',param_struct);
（3）simOut=sim(\'model\',ConfigSet);
仿真时通过配置集合来配置参数。
getActiveConfigSet() %获取模型的配置集合变量 attachConfigSet() %绑定参数配置集合到模型 setActiveConfigSet() %激活模型的某个参数配置
对ConfigSet对象进行参数获取/设定也使用set_param()/get_param()。
（4）sim(\'model\');
当不需要该表模型的参数配置，也不关心模型仿真的输出时，可以直接sim。
使用上述命令运行仿真时，并不修改模型的配置，而是通过sim函数暂时设置某个参数应用于此次仿真，仿真后模型的配置参数仍然保持之前的设定不受影响。
当希望观察模型参数配置不同对仿真结果有何影响时，直接使用多个sim语句带上不同的参数配置作为M脚本运行即可。
示例：
Data Export选Array。
param_struct1.SaveState = \'on\'; param_struct1.StateSaveName = \'xout1\'; param_struct1.SaveOutput = \'on\'; param_struct1.OutputSaveName = \'yout1\'; param_struct1.SolverType = \'Fixed-step\'; param_struct1.Solver = \'FixedStepDiscrete\'; param_struct1.FixedStep = \'0.01\'; sim_out1 = sim(\'mymodel\',param_struct1); param_struct2 = param_struct1; param_struct2.FixedStep = \'2\'; param_struct2.OutputSaveName =\'yout2\'; sim_out2 = sim(\'mymodel\',param_struct2); t1 = get(sim_out1, \'tout\'); t2 = get(sim_out2, \'tout\'); y1 = get(sim_out1, \'yout1\'); y2 = get(sim_out2, \'yout2\'); figure; title(\'Sim a model with different config parameters\'); subplot(211); plot(t1,y1); xlabel(\'time(s)\'); ylabel(\'yout1\'); subplot(212); plot(t2,y2); xlabel(\'time(s)\'); ylabel(\'yout2\');
8.1.2 set_param控制模型仿真过程
set_param(object,param1,value1,param2,value2,...);
- object：模型或模块对象，既可以使用路径表示，也可以使用句柄表示；
- paramX：模型或模块的参数名；
- valueX：对应于paramX的参数值。
获取参数则使用get_param(object,param)，每次只能获取一个参数的值。
有一个参数名为SimulationCommand，可由set_param设置不同的值来控制模型仿真的过程。
| 值 | 功能说明 |
| start | 启动模型仿真 |
| pause | 暂停模型仿真 |
| step | 单步执行仿真 |
| continue | 继续模型放着 |
| stop | 停止模型仿真 |
例：在仿真过程中某些时刻改变某些参数的值。
set_param(\'mymodel\',\'SolverType\',\'Fixed-step\',\'Solver\',\'FixedStepDiscrete\',\'FixedStep\',\'0.1\');
set_param(\'mymodel\', \'SimulationCommand\', \'start\');
set_param(\'mymodel\', \'SimulationCommand\', \'pause\');
set_param(\'mymodel\', \'SimulationCommand\', \'step\');
pause(0.2);
t = get_param(\'mymodel\', \'SimulationTime\') % get current simulation time
while t~=0
t = get_param(\'mymodel\', \'SimulationTime\'); % get current simulation time
if t < 30
set_param(\'mymodel/Gain\', \'Gain\',\'3\');
elseif t < 80
set_param(\'mymodel/Gain\', \'Gain\',\'1.5\');
else
set_param(\'mymodel/Gain\', \'Gain\',\'-0.3\');
end
set_param(\'mymodel\', \'SimulationCommand\', \'step\');
pause(0.2);
end
set_param(\'mymodel\', \'SimulationCommand\', \'stop\');
8.2 M语言修改模块属性
set_param(\'m_control_05\',\'SimulationCommand\',\'start\');
scope_h = find_system(\'m_control_05\', \'findall\',\'on\',\'blockType\',\'Scope\');
num_scope = length(scope_h);
for ii = 1: num_scope
set(scope_h(ii), \'Open\', \'on\');
end
8.3 M语言自动建立模型
几个重要的函数：
- 模型相关：new_system创建新模型，load_system将模型加载到内存（不可见），open_system打开模型使可视化；
- 模块相关：add_block向模型中追加模块，delete_block删除模块，replace_block替换模块；
- 信号线相关：add_line在模块输入/输出口之间连线，delete_line将既存的信号线删除。
8.3.1 模型的建立及打开
new_system可以有返回值，返回模型的句柄。
>> h=new_system(\'new\') h = 1.8480e+03
save_system可以与new_system连用而直接将模型保存在硬盘上。
load_system将模型隐式打开。
close_system关闭模型，参数为模型名，不写参数时关闭选中的模型（gcs）。
bdclose all可以无条件关闭所有隐式或显示打开的模型，即使模型存在改动也不提示保存，谨慎使用。
8.3.2 模块的添加、删除及替换
add_block(\'src\',\'dest\')
src指所添加的模块的路径，dest表示这个源模块添加到的目标路径。
add_block(\'simulink/Sources/Constant\',\'mymodel/Constant\')
add_block(\'src\',\'dest\',\'param1\',\'value1\',...)
可以在添加模块的同时对其参数进行设定。
注意：在添加模块时应避免命名的重复，否则会导致错误；在添加模块之前，要先显示或隐式的将模型打开。
replace_block(\'sys\',\'old_blk\',\'new_blk\')
sys为模型名，old_blk为需要被替换的模块类型名，new_blk为用来替换其他模块的模块名。
当模型中被替换的模块类型存在多个模块时，会弹出对话框供用户选择。
替换后模块名没有改变。
replace_block(\'mymodel\',\'Scope\',\'simulink/Sinks/Out1\')
delete_block(\'blk\')将此类模块全部删掉。
8.3.3 信号线的添加及删除
h=add_line(\'sys\',\'oport\',\'iport\')
在模型sys中追加从输出口oport到输入口iport的信号线，并返回其句柄h。
输入输出端口都需要在模块名后追加斜杠和端口序号。
add_block(\'simulink/Sources/In1\',\'mymodel/In1\'); add_block(\'simulink/Sinks/Out1\',\'mymodel/Out1\'); add_line(\'mymodel\',\'In1/1\',\'Out1/1\',\'autorouting\',\'on\');
autorouting可以使连线仅保持水平和竖直两个方向。
8.3.4 M语言自动创建模型
自动创建switch模型。
function varargout = section_model(varargin)
% SECTION_MODEL MATLAB code for section_model.fig
% SECTION_MODEL, by itself, creates a new SECTION_MODEL or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = SECTION_MODEL returns the handle to a new SECTION_MODEL or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% SECTION_MODEL(\'CALLBACK\',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in SECTION_MODEL.M with the given input arguments.
%
% SECTION_MODEL(\'Property\',\'Value\',...) creates a new SECTION_MODEL or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before section_model_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to section_model_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE\'s Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help section_model
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 02-Jan-2015 09:24:44
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct(\'gui_Name\', mfilename, ...
\'gui_Singleton\', gui_Singleton, ...
\'gui_OpeningFcn\', @section_model_OpeningFcn, ...
\'gui_OutputFcn\', @section_model_OutputFcn, ...
\'gui_LayoutFcn\', [] , ...
\'gui_Callback\', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before section_model is made visible.
function section_model_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to section_model (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for section_model
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes section_model wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = section_model_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,\'String\') returns contents of edit1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,\'String\')) returns contents of edit1 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,\'BackgroundColor\'), get(0,\'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor\'))
set(hObject,\'BackgroundColor\',\'white\');
end
function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,\'String\') returns contents of edit2 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,\'String\')) returns contents of edit2 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,\'BackgroundColor\'), get(0,\'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor\'))
set(hObject,\'BackgroundColor\',\'white\');
end
function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,\'String\') returns contents of edit3 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,\'String\')) returns contents of edit3 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,\'BackgroundColor\'), get(0,\'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor\'))
set(hObject,\'BackgroundColor\',\'white\');
end
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Untitled_1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Untitled_1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Untitled_2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Untitled_2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bdclose all;
threshold = get(handles.edit1,\'string\');
up_out = get(handles.edit2, \'string\');
down_out = get(handles.edit3, \'string\');
rel = get(handles.popupmenu1,\'Value\');
mdl_name = \'switch_section\';
mdl_handle = new_system(mdl_name);
open_system(mdl_handle);
add_block(\'simulink/Signal Routing/Switch\',[mdl_name,\'/Switch\']);
add_block(\'simulink/Commonly Used Blocks/In1\',[mdl_name,\'/In1\'],\'Position\',[35 213 65 227]);
add_block(\'simulink/Commonly Used Blocks/Out1\',[mdl_name, \'/Out1\'],\'Position\',[345 213 375 227]);
add_block(\'simulink/Commonly Used Blocks/Constant\',[mdl_name, \'/Constant\'],\'Position\',[125 150 155 180]);
add_block(\'simulink/Commonly Used Blocks/Constant\',[mdl_name, \'/Constant1\'],\'Position\',[125 265 155 295]);
if rel == 2
criterial = \'u2 > Threshold\';
elseif rel == 1
criterial = \'u2 >= Threshold\';
else
criterial = \'u2 ~= 0\';
end
set_param([mdl_name,\'/Switch\'], \'Criteria\', criterial, \'Threshold\', threshold);
set_param([mdl_name, \'/Constant\'],\'Value\', up_out);
set_param([mdl_name, \'/Constant1\'],\'Value\', down_out);
autorouting = get(handles.checkbox1, \'value\');
if isequal(autorouting, 0)
add_line(mdl_name,\'In1/1\',\'Switch/2\');
add_line(mdl_name,\'Switch/1\',\'Out1/1\');
add_line(mdl_name,\'Constant/1\',\'Switch/1\');
add_line(mdl_name,\'Constant1/1\',\'Switch/3\');
else
add_line(mdl_name,\'In1/1\',\'Switch/2\',\'autorouting\',\'on\');
add_line(mdl_name,\'Switch/1\',\'Out1/1\',\'autorouting\',\'on\');
add_line(mdl_name,\'Constant/1\',\'Switch/1\',\'autorouting\',\'on\');
add_line(mdl_name,\'Constant1/1\',\'Switch/3\',\'autorouting\',\'on\');
end
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Untitled_5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Untitled_5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
web(\'http://www.ilovematlab.cn/article-29-1.html\');
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Untitled_4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Untitled_4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bdclose all;
close(gcf);
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Untitled_7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Untitled_7 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Untitled_8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Untitled_8 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
web(\'http://weibo.com/u/2300570331\');
% --- Executes on selection change in popupmenu1.
function popupmenu1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,\'String\')) returns popupmenu1 contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,\'Value\')} returns selected item from popupmenu1
if 3 == get(hObject,\'Value\')
set(handles.edit1, \'Enable\', \'off\', \'string\',\'0\');
else
set(handles.edit1, \'Enable\', \'on\');
end
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function popupmenu1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,\'BackgroundColor\'), get(0,\'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor\'))
set(hObject,\'BackgroundColor\',\'white\');
end
% --- Executes on button press in checkbox1.
function checkbox1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to checkbox1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hint: get(hObject,\'Value\') returns toggle state of checkbox1