11.1客户端-服务器编程模型
11.2网络
11.3全球IP因特网
13.3.1 IP地址
11.3.2因特网域名
11.3.3 因特网连接
11.4套接字接口
11.4.1 套接字地址结构
11.4.2 socket函数
11.4.3connect函数
11.4.4bind函数
11.4.5listen函数
11.4.6accept函数
11.4.7主机和服务的转换
1.getaddrinfo函数
2.getnameinfo
11.4.8套接字接口的辅助函数
1.open_clientfd函数
/* $begin open_clientfd */ int open_clientfd(char *hostname, char *port) { int clientfd, rc; struct addrinfo hints, *listp, *p; /* Get a list of potential server addresses */ memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo)); hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; /* Open a connection */ hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICSERV; /* ... using a numeric port arg. */ hints.ai_flags |= AI_ADDRCONFIG; /* Recommended for connections */ if ((rc = getaddrinfo(hostname, port, &hints, &listp)) != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo failed (%s:%s): %s\n", hostname, port, gai_strerror(rc)); return -2; } /* Walk the list for one that we can successfully connect to */ for (p = listp; p; p = p->ai_next) { /* Create a socket descriptor */ if ((clientfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) < 0) continue; /* Socket failed, try the next */ /* Connect to the server */ if (connect(clientfd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) != -1) break; /* Success */ if (close(clientfd) < 0) { /* Connect failed, try another */ //line:netp:openclientfd:closefd fprintf(stderr, "open_clientfd: close failed: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } } /* Clean up */ freeaddrinfo(listp); if (!p) /* All connects failed */ return -1; else /* The last connect succeeded */ return clientfd; } /* $end open_clientfd */
2.open_listenfd函数
/* $begin open_listenfd */ int open_listenfd(char *port) { struct addrinfo hints, *listp, *p; int listenfd, rc, optval=1; /* Get a list of potential server addresses */ memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo)); hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; /* Accept connections */ hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE | AI_ADDRCONFIG; /* ... on any IP address */ hints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICSERV; /* ... using port number */ if ((rc = getaddrinfo(NULL, port, &hints, &listp)) != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo failed (port %s): %s\n", port, gai_strerror(rc)); return -2; } /* Walk the list for one that we can bind to */ for (p = listp; p; p = p->ai_next) { /* Create a socket descriptor */ if ((listenfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) < 0) continue; /* Socket failed, try the next */ /* Eliminates "Address already in use" error from bind */ setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, //line:netp:csapp:setsockopt (const void *)&optval , sizeof(int)); /* Bind the descriptor to the address */ if (bind(listenfd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == 0) break; /* Success */ if (close(listenfd) < 0) { /* Bind failed, try the next */ fprintf(stderr, "open_listenfd close failed: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } } /* Clean up */ freeaddrinfo(listp); if (!p) /* No address worked */ return -1; /* Make it a listening socket ready to accept connection requests */ if (listen(listenfd, LISTENQ) < 0) { close(listenfd); return -1; } return listenfd; }/* $end open_listenfd */
11.4.9echo客户端和服务器的示例
11.5Web服务器
11.5.1Web基础
11.5.2Web内容
11.5.3HTTP事务
1.HTTP请求
2.HTTP响应
11.5.4服务动态内容
1.客户端如何将程序参数传递给服务器
2.服务器如何将参数传递给子进程
3.服务器如何将其他信息传递给子进程
4.子进程将它的输出发送到哪里
11.6综合：TINY Web服务器