一、自己的理解的OkHttp

我理解的http的本质就是基于socket连接,把要传输的数据按照http协议的格式去封装后,传输在网络中,以此来实现的网络通信。

而OkHttp协议就是帮助我们,把我们把要传输的数据请求,按照http协议的格式,传输在Socket上,当然还有很多优化管理这些请求和连接的方法,例如:对于这些请求的管理:最多同时进行64个请求,同域名的最多同时进行5个请求。还有Socket连接池的管理。

二、OkHttp的使用方法

1.创建一个client,构建一个request

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
      .url("https://www.baidu.com/")
      .build();

2.同步请求

Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();

3.异步请求

    client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
      @Override
      public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {
      //todo handle request failed
      }
      @Override
      public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {
          //todo handle Response
      }
    });

三、基本对象介绍

1.OkHttpClient

一个请求的配置类,采用了建造者模式,方便用户配置一些请求参数,如配置callTimeoutcookieinterceptor等等。

open class OkHttpClient internal constructor(
  builder: Builder
) : Cloneable, Call.Factory, WebSocket.Factory {
  constructor() : this(Builder())
  class Builder constructor() {
    //调度器
    internal var dispatcher: Dispatcher = Dispatcher()
    //连接池
    internal var connectionPool: ConnectionPool = ConnectionPool()
    //整体流程拦截器
    internal val interceptors: MutableList<Interceptor> = mutableListOf()
    //网络流程拦截器
    internal val networkInterceptors: MutableList<Interceptor> = mutableListOf()
    //流程监听器
    internal var eventListenerFactory: EventListener.Factory = EventListener.NONE.asFactory()
    //连接失败时是否重连
    internal var retryOnConnectionFailure = true
    //服务器认证设置
    internal var authenticator: Authenticator = Authenticator.NONE
    //是否重定向
    internal var followRedirects = true
    //是否从HTTP重定向到HTTPS
    internal var followSslRedirects = true
    //cookie设置
    internal var cookieJar: CookieJar = CookieJar.NO_COOKIES
    //缓存设置
    internal var cache: Cache? = null
    //DNS设置
    internal var dns: Dns = Dns.SYSTEM
    //代理设置
    internal var proxy: Proxy? = null
    //代理选择器设置
    internal var proxySelector: ProxySelector? = null
    //代理服务器认证设置
    internal var proxyAuthenticator: Authenticator = Authenticator.NONE
    //socket配置
    internal var socketFactory: SocketFactory = SocketFactory.getDefault()
    //https socket配置
    internal var sslSocketFactoryOrNull: SSLSocketFactory? = null
    internal var x509TrustManagerOrNull: X509TrustManager? = null
    internal var connectionSpecs: List<ConnectionSpec> = DEFAULT_CONNECTION_SPECS
    //协议
    internal var protocols: List<Protocol> = DEFAULT_PROTOCOLS
    //域名校验
    internal var hostnameVerifier: HostnameVerifier = OkHostnameVerifier
    internal var certificatePinner: CertificatePinner = CertificatePinner.DEFAULT
    internal var certificateChainCleaner: CertificateChainCleaner? = null
    //请求超时
    internal var callTimeout = 0
    //连接超时
    internal var connectTimeout = 10_000
    //读取超时
    internal var readTimeout = 10_000
    //写入超时
    internal var writeTimeout = 10_000
    internal var pingInterval = 0
    internal var minWebSocketMessageToCompress = RealWebSocket.DEFAULT_MINIMUM_DEFLATE_SIZE
    internal var routeDatabase: RouteDatabase? = null
···省略代码···

2.request

同样是请求参数的配置类,也同样采用了建造者模式,但相比于OkHttpClientRequest就十分简单了,只有四个参数,分别是请求URL、请求方法、请求头、请求体。

class Request internal constructor(
  @get:JvmName("url") val url: HttpUrl,
  @get:JvmName("method") val method: String,
  @get:JvmName("headers") val headers: Headers,
  @get:JvmName("body") val body: RequestBody?,
  internal val tags: Map<Class<*>, Any>
) {
  open class Builder {
    //请求的URL
    internal var url: HttpUrl? = null
    //请求方法,如:GET、POST..
    internal var method: String
    //请求头
    internal var headers: Headers.Builder
    //请求体
    internal var body: RequestBody? = null
  ···省略代码···

3.Call

请求调用接口,表示这个请求已经准备好可以执行,也可以取消,只能执行一次。

interface Call : Cloneable {  /** 返回发起此调用的原始请求 */  fun request(): Request  /**   * 同步请求,立即执行。   *    * 抛出两种异常:   * 1. 请求失败抛出IOException;   * 2. 如果在执行过一回的前提下再次执行抛出IllegalStateException;*/  @Throws(IOException::class)  fun execute(): Response  /**   * 异步请求,将请求安排在将来的某个时间点执行。   * 如果在执行过一回的前提下再次执行抛出IllegalStateException */  fun enqueue(responseCallback: Callback)  /** 取消请求。已经完成的请求不能被取消 */  fun cancel()  /** 是否已被执行  */  fun isExecuted(): Boolean  /** 是否被取消   */  fun isCanceled(): Boolean  /** 一个完整Call请求流程的超时时间配置,默认选自[OkHttpClient.Builder.callTimeout] */  fun timeout(): Timeout  /** 克隆这个call,创建一个新的相同的Call */  public override fun clone(): Call  /** 利用工厂模式来让 OkHttpClient 来创建 Call对象 */  fun interface Factory {    fun newCall(request: Request): Call  }}

4.RealCall

OkHttpClient.ktoverride fun newCall(request: Request): Call = RealCall(this, request, forWebSocket = false)

RealCallCall接口的具体实现类,是应用端与网络层的连接桥,展示应用端原始的请求与连接数据,以及网络层返回的response及其它数据流。 通过使用方法也可知,创建RealCall对象后,就要调用同步或异步请求方法,所以它里面还包含同步请求 execute()异步请求 enqueue()方法。(后面具体展开分析)

5.AsyncCall

异步请求调用,是RealCall的一个内部类,就是一个Runnable,被dispatcher调度器中的线程池所执行。

inner class AsyncCall(    //用户传入的响应回调方法    private val responseCallback: Callback  ) : Runnable {    //同一个域名的请求次数,volatile + AtomicInteger 保证在多线程下及时可见性与原子性    @Volatile var callsPerHost = AtomicInteger(0)      private set    fun reuseCallsPerHostFrom(other: AsyncCall) {      this.callsPerHost = other.callsPerHost    }···省略代码···    fun executeOn(executorService: ExecutorService) {      client.dispatcher.assertThreadDoesntHoldLock()      var success = false      try {        //调用线程池执行        executorService.execute(this)        success = true      } catch (e: RejectedExecutionException) {        val ioException = InterruptedIOException("executor rejected")        ioException.initCause(e)        noMoreExchanges(ioException)        //请求失败,调用 Callback.onFailure() 方法        responseCallback.onFailure(this@RealCall, ioException)      } finally {        if (!success) {          //请求失败,调用调度器finish方法          client.dispatcher.finished(this) // This call is no longer running!        }      }    }    override fun run() {      threadName("OkHttp ${redactedUrl()}") {        var signalledCallback = false        timeout.enter()        try {          //请求成功,获取到服务器返回的response          val response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain()          signalledCallback = true          //调用 Callback.onResponse() 方法,将 response 传递出去          responseCallback.onResponse(this@RealCall, response)        } catch (e: IOException) {          if (signalledCallback) {            // Do not signal the callback twice!            Platform.get().log("Callback failure for ${toLoggableString()}", Platform.INFO, e)          } else {            //请求失败,调用 Callback.onFailure() 方法            responseCallback.onFailure(this@RealCall, e)          }        } catch (t: Throwable) {          //请求出现异常,调用cancel方法来取消请求          cancel()          if (!signalledCallback) {            val canceledException = IOException("canceled due to $t")            canceledException.addSuppressed(t)            //请求失败,调用 Callback.onFailure() 方法            responseCallback.onFailure(this@RealCall, canceledException)          }          throw t        } finally {          //请求结束,调用调度器finish方法          client.dispatcher.finished(this)        }      }    }  }

6.Dispatcher

调度器,用来调度Call对象,同时包含线程池与异步请求队列,用来存放与执行AsyncCall对象。

class Dispatcher constructor() {  @get:Synchronized  @get:JvmName("executorService") val executorService: ExecutorService    get() {      if (executorServiceOrNull == null) {        //创建一个缓存线程池,来处理请求调用,这个线程池的核心线程数是0,等待队列的长度也是0,意味着        //线程池会直接创建新的线程去处理请求        executorServiceOrNull = ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Int.MAX_VALUE, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,            SynchronousQueue(), threadFactory("$okHttpName Dispatcher", false))      }      return executorServiceOrNull!!    }  /** 已准备好的异步请求队列 */  @get:Synchronized  private val readyAsyncCalls = ArrayDeque<AsyncCall>()  /** 正在运行的异步请求队列, 包含取消但是还未finish的AsyncCall */  private val runningAsyncCalls = ArrayDeque<AsyncCall>()  /** 正在运行的同步请求队列, 包含取消但是还未finish的RealCall */  private val runningSyncCalls = ArrayDeque<RealCall>()···省略代码···}

四、流程分析

1.同步请求

client.newCall(request).execute();

newCall方法就是创建一个RealCall对象,然后执行其execute()方法。

  RealCall.kt    override fun execute(): Response {    //CAS判断是否已经被执行了, 确保只能执行一次,如果已经执行过,则抛出异常    check(executed.compareAndSet(false, true)) { "Already Executed" }    //请求超时开始计时    timeout.enter()    //开启请求监听    callStart()    try {      //调用调度器中的 executed() 方法,调度器只是将 call 加入到了runningSyncCalls队列中      client.dispatcher.executed(this)      //调用getResponseWithInterceptorChain 方法拿到 response      return getResponseWithInterceptorChain()    } finally {      //执行完毕,调度器将该 call 从 runningSyncCalls队列中移除      client.dispatcher.finished(this)    }  }  Dispatcher.kt  @Synchronized internal fun executed(call: RealCall) {    runningSyncCalls.add(call)  }

调用调度器executed方法,就是将当前的RealCall对象加入到runningSyncCalls队列中,然后调用getResponseWithInterceptorChain方法拿到response

2.异步请求

  RealCall.kt  override fun enqueue(responseCallback: Callback) {    //CAS判断是否已经被执行了, 确保只能执行一次,如果已经执行过,则抛出异常    check(executed.compareAndSet(false, true)) { "Already Executed" }    //开启请求监听    callStart()    //新建一个AsyncCall对象,通过调度器enqueue方法加入到readyAsyncCalls队列中    client.dispatcher.enqueue(AsyncCall(responseCallback))  }

然后调用调度器的enqueue方法

  Dispatcher.kt    internal fun enqueue(call: AsyncCall) {    //加锁,保证线程安全    synchronized(this) {      //将该请求调用加入到 readyAsyncCalls 队列中      readyAsyncCalls.add(call)      // Mutate the AsyncCall so that it shares the AtomicInteger of an existing running call to      // the same host.      if (!call.call.forWebSocket) {        //通过域名来查找有没有相同域名的请求,有则复用。        val existingCall = findExistingCallWithHost(call.host)        if (existingCall != null) call.reuseCallsPerHostFrom(existingCall)      }    }    //执行请求    promoteAndExecute()  }  private fun promoteAndExecute(): Boolean {    this.assertThreadDoesntHoldLock()    val executableCalls = mutableListOf<AsyncCall>()    //判断是否有请求正在执行    val isRunning: Boolean    //加锁,保证线程安全    synchronized(this) {      //遍历 readyAsyncCalls 队列      val i = readyAsyncCalls.iterator()      while (i.hasNext()) {        val asyncCall = i.next()        //runningAsyncCalls 的数量不能大于最大并发请求数 64        if (runningAsyncCalls.size >= this.maxRequests) break // Max capacity.        //同域名最大请求数5,同一个域名最多允许5条线程同时执行请求        if (asyncCall.callsPerHost.get() >= this.maxRequestsPerHost) continue // Host max capacity.        //从 readyAsyncCalls 队列中移除,并加入到 executableCalls 及 runningAsyncCalls 队列中        i.remove()        asyncCall.callsPerHost.incrementAndGet()        executableCalls.add(asyncCall)        runningAsyncCalls.add(asyncCall)      }      //通过运行队列中的请求数量来判断是否有请求正在执行      isRunning = runningCallsCount() > 0    }    //遍历可执行队列,调用线程池来执行AsyncCall    for (i in 0 until executableCalls.size) {      val asyncCall = executableCalls[i]      asyncCall.executeOn(executorService)    }    return isRunning  }

调度器的enqueue方法就是将AsyncCall加入到readyAsyncCalls队列中,然后调用promoteAndExecute方法来执行请求,promoteAndExecute方法做的其实就是遍历readyAsyncCalls队列,然后将符合条件的请求用线程池执行,也就是会执行AsyncCall.run()方法。

AsyncCall 方法的具体代码看上面的这边就不在此展示了,简单来说就是调用getResponseWithInterceptorChain方法拿到response,然后通过Callback.onResponse方法传递出去。反之,如果请求失败,捕获了异常,就通过Callback.onFailure将异常信息传递出去。 最终,请求结束,调用调度器finish方法。

  Dispatcher.kt  /** 异步请求调用结束方法 */  internal fun finished(call: AsyncCall) {    call.callsPerHost.decrementAndGet()    finished(runningAsyncCalls, call)  }  /** 同步请求调用结束方法 */  internal fun finished(call: RealCall) {    finished(runningSyncCalls, call)  }  private fun <T> finished(calls: Deque<T>, call: T) {    val idleCallback: Runnable?    synchronized(this) {      //将当前请求调用从 正在运行队列 中移除      if (!calls.remove(call)) throw AssertionError("Call wasn't in-flight!")      idleCallback = this.idleCallback    }    //继续执行剩余请求,将call从readyAsyncCalls中取出加入到runningAsyncCalls,然后执行    val isRunning = promoteAndExecute()    if (!isRunning && idleCallback != null) {      //如果执行完了所有请求,处于闲置状态,调用闲置回调方法      idleCallback.run()    }  }

请求结束,异步请求,把当前同域名的计数减一,然后后面和同步一样,都是把请求从正在执行的队列中移除,然后继续执行剩余请求。

3.获取Response

接着就是看看getResponseWithInterceptorChain方法是如何拿到response的。

  internal fun getResponseWithInterceptorChain(): Response {    //拦截器列表    val interceptors = mutableListOf<Interceptor>()    interceptors += client.interceptors    interceptors += RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(client)    interceptors += BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar)    interceptors += CacheInterceptor(client.cache)    interceptors += ConnectInterceptor    if (!forWebSocket) {      interceptors += client.networkInterceptors    }    interceptors += CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket)    //构建拦截器责任链    val chain = RealInterceptorChain(        call = this,        interceptors = interceptors,        index = 0,        exchange = null,        request = originalRequest,        connectTimeoutMillis = client.connectTimeoutMillis,        readTimeoutMillis = client.readTimeoutMillis,        writeTimeoutMillis = client.writeTimeoutMillis    )    //如果call请求完成,那就意味着交互完成了,没有更多的东西来交换了    var calledNoMoreExchanges = false    try {      //执行拦截器责任链来获取 response      val response = chain.proceed(originalRequest)      //如果被取消,关闭响应,抛出异常      if (isCanceled()) {        response.closeQuietly()        throw IOException("Canceled")      }      return response    } catch (e: IOException) {      calledNoMoreExchanges = true      throw noMoreExchanges(e) as Throwable    } finally {      if (!calledNoMoreExchanges) {        noMoreExchanges(null)      }    }  }

简单概括一下:这里采用了责任链设计模式,通过拦截器构建了以RealInterceptorChain责任链,然后执行proceed方法来得到response

那么,这又涉及拦截器是什么?拦截器责任链又是什么?

五、Interceptor

只声明了一个拦截器方法,在子类中具体实现,还包含一个Chain接口,核心方法是proceed(request)处理请求来获取response

fun interface Interceptor {  /** 拦截方法 */  @Throws(IOException::class)  fun intercept(chain: Chain): Response  interface Chain {    /** 原始请求数据 */    fun request(): Request    /** 核心方法,处理请求,获取response */    @Throws(IOException::class)    fun proceed(request: Request): Response        fun connection(): Connection?    fun call(): Call    fun connectTimeoutMillis(): Int    fun withConnectTimeout(timeout: Int, unit: TimeUnit): Chain    fun readTimeoutMillis(): Int    fun withReadTimeout(timeout: Int, unit: TimeUnit): Chain    fun writeTimeoutMillis(): Int    fun withWriteTimeout(timeout: Int, unit: TimeUnit): Chain  }}

六、RealInterceptorChain

拦截器链就是实现Interceptor.Chain接口,重点就是复写的proceed方法。

class RealInterceptorChain(  internal val call: RealCall,  private val interceptors: List<Interceptor>,  private val index: Int,  internal val exchange: Exchange?,  internal val request: Request,  internal val connectTimeoutMillis: Int,  internal val readTimeoutMillis: Int,  internal val writeTimeoutMillis: Int) : Interceptor.Chain {···省略代码···  private var calls: Int = 0  override fun call(): Call = call  override fun request(): Request = request  @Throws(IOException::class)  override fun proceed(request: Request): Response {    check(index < interceptors.size)    calls++    if (exchange != null) {      check(exchange.finder.sameHostAndPort(request.url)) {        "network interceptor ${interceptors[index - 1]} must retain the same host and port"      }      check(calls == 1) {        "network interceptor ${interceptors[index - 1]} must call proceed() exactly once"      }    }    //index+1, 复制创建新的责任链,也就意味着调用责任链中的下一个处理者,也就是下一个拦截器    val next = copy(index = index + 1, request = request)    //取出当前拦截器    val interceptor = interceptors[index]    //执行当前拦截器的拦截方法    @Suppress("USELESS_ELVIS")    val response = interceptor.intercept(next) ?: throw NullPointerException(        "interceptor $interceptor returned null")    if (exchange != null) {      check(index + 1 >= interceptors.size || next.calls == 1) {        "network interceptor $interceptor must call proceed() exactly once"      }    }    check(response.body != null) { "interceptor $interceptor returned a response with no body" }    return response  }}

链式调用,最终会向下执行拦截器列表中的每个拦截器,然后向上返回Response

七、拦截器

各类拦截器的总结,按顺序:

client.interceptors:这是由开发者设置的,会在所有的拦截器处理之前进行最早的拦截处理,可用于添加一些公共参数,如自定义header自定义log等等。RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor:这里会对连接做一些初始化工作,以及请求失败的重试工作,重定向的后续请求工作。跟他的名字一样,就是做重试工作还有一些连接跟踪工作。BridgeInterceptor:是客户端与服务器之间的沟通桥梁,负责将用户构建的请求转换为服务器需要的请求,以及将网络请求返回回来的响应转换为用户可用的响应。CacheInterceptor:这里主要是缓存的相关处理,会根据用户在OkHttpClient里定义的缓存配置,然后结合请求新建一个缓存策略,由它来判断是使用网络还是缓存来构建responseConnectInterceptor:这里主要就是负责建立连接,会建立TCP连接或者TLS连接client.networkInterceptors:这里也是开发者自己设置的,所以本质上和第一个拦截器差不多,但是由于位置不同,所以用处也不同。CallServerInterceptor:这里就是进行网络数据的请求和响应了,也就是实际的网络I/O操作,将请求头与请求体发送给服务器,以及解析服务器返回的response

接下来我们按顺序,从上往下,对这些拦截器进行一一解读。

1.client.interceptors

这是用户自己定义的拦截器,称为应用拦截器,会保存在OkHttpClientinterceptors: List<Interceptor>列表中。 他是拦截器责任链中的第一个拦截器,也就是说会第一个执行拦截方法,我们可以通过它来添加自定义Header信息,如:

class HeaderInterceptor implements Interceptor {    @Override    public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {        Request request = chain.request().newBuilder()                .addHeader("device-android", "xxxxxxxxxxx")                .addHeader("country-code", "ZH")                .build();        return chain.proceed(request);    }}//然后在 OkHttpClient 中加入OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()    .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)    .readTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS)    .writeTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS)    .cookieJar(new MyCookieJar())    .addInterceptor(new HeaderInterceptor())//添加自定义Header拦截器    .build();

2.RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor

第二个拦截器,从它的名字也可知道,它负责请求失败的重试工作与重定向的后续请求工作,同时它会对连接做一些初始化工作。

class RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(private val client: OkHttpClient) : Interceptor {  @Throws(IOException::class)  override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {    val realChain = chain as RealInterceptorChain    var request = chain.request    val call = realChain.call    var followUpCount = 0    var priorResponse: Response? = null    var newExchangeFinder = true    var recoveredFailures = listOf<IOException>()    while (true) {      //这里会新建一个ExchangeFinder,ConnectInterceptor会使用到      call.enterNetworkInterceptorExchange(request, newExchangeFinder)      var response: Response      var closeActiveExchange = true      try {        if (call.isCanceled()) {          throw IOException("Canceled")        }        try {          response = realChain.proceed(request)          newExchangeFinder = true        } catch (e: RouteException) {          //尝试通过路由连接失败。该请求将不会被发送。          if (!recover(e.lastConnectException, call, request, requestSendStarted = false)) {            throw e.firstConnectException.withSuppressed(recoveredFailures)          } else {            recoveredFailures += e.firstConnectException          }          newExchangeFinder = false          continue        } catch (e: IOException) {          //尝试与服务器通信失败。该请求可能已发送。          if (!recover(e, call, request, requestSendStarted = e !is ConnectionShutdownException)) {            throw e.withSuppressed(recoveredFailures)          } else {            recoveredFailures += e          }          newExchangeFinder = false          continue        }        // Attach the prior response if it exists. Such responses never have a body.        //尝试关联上一个response,注意:body是为null        if (priorResponse != null) {          response = response.newBuilder()              .priorResponse(priorResponse.newBuilder()                  .body(null)                  .build())              .build()        }        val exchange = call.interceptorScopedExchange        //会根据 responseCode 来判断,构建一个新的request并返回来重试或者重定向        val followUp = followUpRequest(response, exchange)        if (followUp == null) {          if (exchange != null && exchange.isDuplex) {            call.timeoutEarlyExit()          }          closeActiveExchange = false          return response        }        //如果请求体是一次性的,不需要再次重试        val followUpBody = followUp.body        if (followUpBody != null && followUpBody.isOneShot()) {          closeActiveExchange = false          return response        }        response.body?.closeQuietly()        //最大重试次数,不同的浏览器是不同的,比如:Chrome为21,Safari则是16        if (++followUpCount > MAX_FOLLOW_UPS) {          throw ProtocolException("Too many follow-up requests: $followUpCount")        }        request = followUp        priorResponse = response      } finally {        call.exitNetworkInterceptorExchange(closeActiveExchange)      }    }  }  /** 判断是否要进行重连,false->不尝试重连;true->尝试重连。*/  private fun recover(    e: IOException,    call: RealCall,    userRequest: Request,    requestSendStarted: Boolean  ): Boolean {    //客户端禁止重试    if (!client.retryOnConnectionFailure) return false    //不能再次发送该请求体    if (requestSendStarted && requestIsOneShot(e, userRequest)) return false    //发生的异常是致命的,无法恢复,如:ProtocolException    if (!isRecoverable(e, requestSendStarted)) return false    //没有更多的路由来尝试重连    if (!call.retryAfterFailure()) return false    // 对于失败恢复,使用带有新连接的相同路由选择器    return true  }···省略代码··· 

3.BridgeInterceptor

从它的名字可以看出,他的定位是客户端与服务器之间的沟通桥梁,负责将用户构建的请求转换为服务器需要的请求,比如:添加Content-Type,添加Cookie,添加User-Agent等等。再将服务器返回的response做一些处理转换为客户端需要的response。比如:移除响应头中的Content-EncodingContent-Length等等。

class BridgeInterceptor(private val cookieJar: CookieJar) : Interceptor {  @Throws(IOException::class)  override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {    //获取原始请求数据    val userRequest = chain.request()    val requestBuilder = userRequest.newBuilder()    //重新构建请求头,请求体信息    val body = userRequest.body    val contentType = body.contentType()    requestBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType.toString())    requestBuilder.header("Content-Length", contentLength.toString())    requestBuilder.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")    requestBuilder.header("Host", userRequest.url.toHostHeader())    requestBuilder.header("Connection", "Keep-Alive")   ···省略代码···       //添加cookie    val cookies = cookieJar.loadForRequest(userRequest.url)    if (cookies.isNotEmpty()) {      requestBuilder.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies))    }    //添加user-agent    if (userRequest.header("User-Agent") == null) {      requestBuilder.header("User-Agent", userAgent)    }    //重新构建一个Request,然后执行下一个拦截器来处理该请求    val networkResponse = chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build())    cookieJar.receiveHeaders(userRequest.url, networkResponse.headers)    //创建一个新的responseBuilder,目的是将原始请求数据构建到response中    val responseBuilder = networkResponse.newBuilder()        .request(userRequest)    if (transparentGzip &&        "gzip".equals(networkResponse.header("Content-Encoding"), ignoreCase = true) &&        networkResponse.promisesBody()) {      val responseBody = networkResponse.body      if (responseBody != null) {        val gzipSource = GzipSource(responseBody.source())        val strippedHeaders = networkResponse.headers.newBuilder()            .removeAll("Content-Encoding")            .removeAll("Content-Length")            .build()        //修改response header信息,移除Content-Encoding,Content-Length信息        responseBuilder.headers(strippedHeaders)        val contentType = networkResponse.header("Content-Type")        //修改response body信息        responseBuilder.body(RealResponseBody(contentType, -1L, gzipSource.buffer()))      }    }        return responseBuilder.build()   ···省略代码···

4.CacheInterceptor

用户可以通过OkHttpClient.cache来配置缓存,缓存拦截器通过CacheStrategy来判断是使用网络还是缓存来构建response

class CacheInterceptor(internal val cache: Cache?) : Interceptor {  @Throws(IOException::class)  override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {    val call = chain.call()    //通过request从OkHttpClient.cache中获取缓存    val cacheCandidate = cache?.get(chain.request())    val now = System.currentTimeMillis()    //创建一个缓存策略,用来确定怎么使用缓存    val strategy = CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).compute()    //为空表示不使用网络,反之,则表示使用网络    val networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest    //为空表示不使用缓存,反之,则表示使用缓存    val cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse    //追踪网络与缓存的使用情况    cache?.trackResponse(strategy)    val listener = (call as? RealCall)?.eventListener ?: EventListener.NONE    //有缓存但不适用,关闭它    if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {      cacheCandidate.body?.closeQuietly()    }    //如果网络被禁止,但是缓存又是空的,构建一个code为504的response,并返回    if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {      return Response.Builder()          .request(chain.request())          .protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)          .code(HTTP_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT)          .message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")          .body(EMPTY_RESPONSE)          .sentRequestAtMillis(-1L)          .receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())          .build().also {            listener.satisfactionFailure(call, it)          }    }    //如果我们禁用了网络不使用网络,且有缓存,直接根据缓存内容构建并返回response    if (networkRequest == null) {      return cacheResponse!!.newBuilder()          .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))          .build().also {            listener.cacheHit(call, it)          }    }    //为缓存添加监听    if (cacheResponse != null) {      listener.cacheConditionalHit(call, cacheResponse)    } else if (cache != null) {      listener.cacheMiss(call)    }    var networkResponse: Response? = null    try {      //责任链往下处理,从服务器返回response 赋值给 networkResponse      networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest)    } finally {      //捕获I/O或其他异常,请求失败,networkResponse为空,且有缓存的时候,不暴露缓存内容。      if (networkResponse == null && cacheCandidate != null) {        cacheCandidate.body?.closeQuietly()      }    }    //如果有缓存    if (cacheResponse != null) {      //且网络返回response code为304的时候,使用缓存内容新构建一个Response返回。      if (networkResponse?.code == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {        val response = cacheResponse.newBuilder()            .headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers, networkResponse.headers))            .sentRequestAtMillis(networkResponse.sentRequestAtMillis)            .receivedResponseAtMillis(networkResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis)            .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))            .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))            .build()        networkResponse.body!!.close()        // Update the cache after combining headers but before stripping the        // Content-Encoding header (as performed by initContentStream()).        cache!!.trackConditionalCacheHit()        cache.update(cacheResponse, response)        return response.also {          listener.cacheHit(call, it)        }      } else {        //否则关闭缓存响应体        cacheResponse.body?.closeQuietly()      }    }    //构建网络请求的response    val response = networkResponse!!.newBuilder()        .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))        .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))        .build()    //如果cache不为null,即用户在OkHttpClient中配置了缓存,则将上一步新构建的网络请求response存到cache中    if (cache != null) {      //根据response的code,header以及CacheControl.noStore来判断是否可以缓存      if (response.promisesBody() && CacheStrategy.isCacheable(response, networkRequest)) {        // 将该response存入缓存        val cacheRequest = cache.put(response)        return cacheWritingResponse(cacheRequest, response).also {          if (cacheResponse != null) {            listener.cacheMiss(call)          }        }      }      //根据请求方法来判断缓存是否有效,只对Get请求进行缓存,其它方法的请求则移除      if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(networkRequest.method)) {        try {          //缓存无效,将该请求缓存从client缓存配置中移除          cache.remove(networkRequest)        } catch (_: IOException) {          // The cache cannot be written.        }      }    }    return response  }  ···省略代码···  

5.ConnectInterceptor

负责实现与服务器真正建立起连接,

object ConnectInterceptor : Interceptor {  @Throws(IOException::class)  override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {    val realChain = chain as RealInterceptorChain    //初始化一个exchange对象    val exchange = realChain.call.initExchange(chain)    //根据这个exchange对象来复制创建一个新的连接责任链    val connectedChain = realChain.copy(exchange = exchange)    //执行该连接责任链    return connectedChain.proceed(realChain.request)  }}

一扫下来,代码十分简单,拦截方法里就只有三步。

初始化一个exchange对象。然后根据这个exchange对象来复制创建一个新的连接责任链。执行该连接责任链。

那这个exchange对象又是什么呢?

RealCall.ktinternal fun initExchange(chain: RealInterceptorChain): Exchange {    ...省略代码...    //这里的exchangeFinder就是在RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor中创建的    val exchangeFinder = this.exchangeFinder!!    //返回一个ExchangeCodec(是个编码器,为request编码以及为response解码)    val codec = exchangeFinder.find(client, chain)    //根据exchangeFinder与codec新构建一个Exchange对象,并返回    val result = Exchange(this, eventListener, exchangeFinder, codec)  ...省略代码...    return result  }

具体看看ExchangeFinder.find()这一步,

ExchangeFinder.ktfun find(    client: OkHttpClient,    chain: RealInterceptorChain  ): ExchangeCodec {    try {      //查找合格可用的连接,返回一个 RealConnection 对象      val resultConnection = findHealthyConnection(          connectTimeout = chain.connectTimeoutMillis,          readTimeout = chain.readTimeoutMillis,          writeTimeout = chain.writeTimeoutMillis,          pingIntervalMillis = client.pingIntervalMillis,          connectionRetryEnabled = client.retryOnConnectionFailure,          doExtensiveHealthChecks = chain.request.method != "GET"      )      //根据连接,创建并返回一个请求响应编码器:Http1ExchangeCodec 或者 Http2ExchangeCodec,分别对应Http1协议与Http2协议      return resultConnection.newCodec(client, chain)    } catch (e: RouteException) {      trackFailure(e.lastConnectException)      throw e    } catch (e: IOException) {      trackFailure(e)      throw RouteException(e)    }  }

继续往下看findHealthyConnection方法

ExchangeFinder.kt  private fun findHealthyConnection(    connectTimeout: Int,    readTimeout: Int,    writeTimeout: Int,    pingIntervalMillis: Int,    connectionRetryEnabled: Boolean,    doExtensiveHealthChecks: Boolean  ): RealConnection {    while (true) {      //重点:查找连接      val candidate = findConnection(          connectTimeout = connectTimeout,          readTimeout = readTimeout,          writeTimeout = writeTimeout,          pingIntervalMillis = pingIntervalMillis,          connectionRetryEnabled = connectionRetryEnabled      )      //检查该连接是否合格可用,合格则直接返回该连接      if (candidate.isHealthy(doExtensiveHealthChecks)) {        return candidate      }      //如果该连接不合格,标记为不可用,从连接池中移除      candidate.noNewExchanges()    ...省略代码...    }  }

所以核心方法就是findConnection,我们继续深入看看该方法:

private fun findConnection(    connectTimeout: Int,     readTimeout: Int,    writeTimeout: Int,    pingIntervalMillis: Int,    connectionRetryEnabled: Boolean  ): RealConnection {    if (call.isCanceled()) throw IOException("Canceled")    //第一次,尝试重连 call 中的 connection,不需要去重新获取连接    val callConnection = call.connection // This may be mutated by releaseConnectionNoEvents()!    if (callConnection != null) {      var toClose: Socket? = null      synchronized(callConnection) {        if (callConnection.noNewExchanges || !sameHostAndPort(callConnection.route().address.url)) {          toClose = call.releaseConnectionNoEvents()        }      }      //如果 call 中的 connection 还没有释放,就重用它。      if (call.connection != null) {        check(toClose == null)        return callConnection      }      //如果 call 中的 connection 已经被释放,关闭Socket.      toClose?.closeQuietly()      eventListener.connectionReleased(call, callConnection)    }    //需要一个新的连接,所以重置一些状态    refusedStreamCount = 0    connectionShutdownCount = 0    otherFailureCount = 0    //第二次,尝试从连接池中获取一个连接,不带路由,不带多路复用    if (connectionPool.callAcquirePooledConnection(address, call, null, false)) {      val result = call.connection!!      eventListener.connectionAcquired(call, result)      return result    }    //连接池中是空的,准备下次尝试连接的路由    val routes: List<Route>?    val route: Route        ...省略代码...      //第三次,再次尝试从连接池中获取一个连接,带路由,不带多路复用      if (connectionPool.callAcquirePooledConnection(address, call, routes, false)) {        val result = call.connection!!        eventListener.connectionAcquired(call, result)        return result      }      route = localRouteSelection.next()    }    //第四次,手动创建一个新连接    val newConnection = RealConnection(connectionPool, route)    call.connectionToCancel = newConnection    try {      newConnection.connect(          connectTimeout,          readTimeout,          writeTimeout,          pingIntervalMillis,          connectionRetryEnabled,          call,          eventListener      )    } finally {      call.connectionToCancel = null    }    call.client.routeDatabase.connected(newConnection.route())    //第五次,再次尝试从连接池中获取一个连接,带路由,带多路复用。    //这一步主要是为了校验一下,比如已经有了一条连接了,就可以直接复用,而不用使用手动创建的新连接。    if (connectionPool.callAcquirePooledConnection(address, call, routes, true)) {      val result = call.connection!!      nextRouteToTry = route      newConnection.socket().closeQuietly()      eventListener.connectionAcquired(call, result)      return result    }    synchronized(newConnection) {      //将手动创建的新连接放入连接池      connectionPool.put(newConnection)      call.acquireConnectionNoEvents(newConnection)    }    eventListener.connectionAcquired(call, newConnection)    return newConnection  }

在代码中可以看出,一共做了5次尝试去得到连接:

第一次,尝试重连 call 中的 connection,不需要去重新获取连接。第二次,尝试从连接池中获取一个连接,不带路由,不带多路复用。第三次,再次尝试从连接池中获取一个连接,带路由,不带多路复用。第四次,手动创建一个新连接。第五次,再次尝试从连接池中获取一个连接,带路由,带多路复用。

这一步就是为了建立连接。

6.client.networkInterceptors

该拦截器称为网络拦截器,与client.interceptors一样也是由用户自己定义的,同样是以列表的形式存在OkHttpClient中。

那这两个拦截器有什么不同呢?

其实他两的不同都是由于他们所处的位置不同所导致的,应用拦截器处于第一个位置,所以无论如何它都会被执行,而且只会执行一次。而网络拦截器处于倒数第二的位置,它不一定会被执行,而且可能会被执行多次,比如:在RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor失败或者CacheInterceptor直接返回缓存的情况下,我们的网络拦截器是不会被执行的。

7.CallServerInterceptor

到了这里,客户端与服务器已经建立好了连接,接着就是将请求头与请求体发送给服务器,以及解析服务器返回的response了。

class CallServerInterceptor(private val forWebSocket: Boolean) : Interceptor {  @Throws(IOException::class)  override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {    val realChain = chain as RealInterceptorChain    val exchange = realChain.exchange!!    val request = realChain.request    val requestBody = request.body    var invokeStartEvent = true    var responseBuilder: Response.Builder? = null    try {      //写入请求头      exchange.writeRequestHeaders(request)      //如果不是GET请求,并且请求体不为空      if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(request.method) && requestBody != null) {        //当请求头为"Expect: 100-continue"时,在发送请求体之前需要等待服务器返回"HTTP/1.1 100 Continue" 的response,如果没有等到该response,就不发送请求体。        //POST请求,先发送请求头,在获取到100继续状态后继续发送请求体        if ("100-continue".equals(request.header("Expect"), ignoreCase = true)) {          //刷新请求,即发送请求头          exchange.flushRequest()          //解析响应头          responseBuilder = exchange.readResponseHeaders(expectContinue = true)          exchange.responseHeadersStart()          invokeStartEvent = false        }        //写入请求体        if (responseBuilder == null) {          if (requestBody.isDuplex()) {            //如果请求体是双公体,就先发送请求头,稍后在发送请求体            exchange.flushRequest()            val bufferedRequestBody = exchange.createRequestBody(request, true).buffer()            //写入请求体            requestBody.writeTo(bufferedRequestBody)          } else {            //如果获取到了"Expect: 100-continue"响应,写入请求体            val bufferedRequestBody = exchange.createRequestBody(request, false).buffer()            requestBody.writeTo(bufferedRequestBody)            bufferedRequestBody.close()          }       ···省略代码···        //请求结束,发送请求体        exchange.finishRequest()    ···省略代码···    try {      if (responseBuilder == null) {        //读取响应头        responseBuilder = exchange.readResponseHeaders(expectContinue = false)!!        ···省略代码···      //构建一个response      var response = responseBuilder          .request(request)          .handshake(exchange.connection.handshake())          .sentRequestAtMillis(sentRequestMillis)          .receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())          .build()      var code = response.code      ···省略代码···      return response···省略代码···

简单概括一下:写入发送请求头,然后根据条件是否写入发送请求体,请求结束。解析服务器返回的请求头,然后构建一个新的response,并返回。 这里CallServerInterceptor是拦截器责任链中最后一个拦截器了,所以他不会再调用chain.proceed()方法往下执行,而是将这个构建的response往上传递给责任链中的每个拦截器。

总结一下流程:

Java OkHttp框架源码超详细解析

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37707561/article/details/127513245

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