CentOS 更新系统

一、使用更新源的国内镜像

CentOS 安装完毕，首先应该修改更新源，并升级到最新的系统。
国内速度较快的常用更新源：

http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/

http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/

首先备份CentOS-Base.repo，然后再编辑 yum 的配置文件：
[piaoyun@piaoyun-pc ~]$ sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[piaoyun@piaoyun-pc ~]$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

 

[base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 #packages used/produced in the build but not released [addons] name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 #contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

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[base] name=CentOS-$releasever-Base mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever-Updates mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #packages used/produced in the build but not released [addons] name=CentOS-$releasever-Addons mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever-Plus mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever-Contrib mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

其中：
repositoryid:用于指定一个仓库
name：用于指定易读的仓库名称
baseurl：用于指定本仓库的URL，可以是以下的3种类型，如http,ftp,file
mirrorlist：用于指定仓库的镜像站点
enable：用于指定是否使用本仓库，默认值为1，即可用。
gpgcheck：用于指定是否检查软件包的GPG签名。
gpgkey：用于指定GPG签名文件的URL。

执行命令：
[piaoyun@piaoyun-pc ~]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*

二、使用非官方更新源

下面以安装rpmforge和DAG软件包为例添加非官方更新源

I、添加rmpforge软件库
1）到http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rpmforge-release/查找适用于RHEL5/CentOS5的软件包。

2）下载适用于RHEL5/CentOS5的软件包。
[piaoyun@piaoyun-pc ~]$ sudo wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
[piaoyun@piaoyun-pc ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
[piaoyun@piaoyun-pc ~]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-*

安装rpmforge-release软件包之后，就可以看到/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件，以后yum就可以使用这个更新源了。

三、使用如下命令更新到最新系统：

yum check-update
yum -y update
yum upgrade

使用yum update更新时，默认会升级内核。但有些服务器硬件（特别是组装的机器）在升级内核后，新的内核可能会认不出某些硬件，要重新安装驱动，很麻烦。所以在生产环境中不要轻易的升级内核，除非你确定升级内核后不会出现麻烦的问题。

CentOS使用yum update升级时，默认包含升级内核！比如从CentOS 6.2升级到CentOS 6.4
如果不想升级内核而只更新其他软件包，有两种方法：
1、修改yum的配置文件 vim /etc/yum.conf，在[main]的最后添加

exclude=kernel* centos-release*

2、直接在yum的命令后面加上如下的参数：

yum --exclude=kernel* centos-release* update

四、安装必要的软件工具

yum -y install --skip-broken yum-fastestmirror build-essential gcc gcc-c++ bzip2 make vixie-cron flex ncurses-devel wget patch ntp libxml2 libxml2-devel libevent m4 autoconf zip unzip libjpeg libjpeg-devel gd gd-devel freetype freetype-devel libpng libpng-devel openssl openssl-devel file libtool libtool-libs libtool-ltdl-devel gmp-devel pspell-devel parted zlib mod_perl-devel ftp readline-devel apr apr-util curl-devel pam pam-devel lynx libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel sudo glibc glibc-devel perl perl*