python之路[5] - 常用模块-迁

 

 

time & datetime模块

 

Directive	Meaning
%a	Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.
%A	Locale’s full weekday name.
%b	Locale’s abbreviated month name.
%B	Locale’s full month name.
%c	Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.
%d	Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
%H	Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
%I	Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
%j	Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].
%m	Month as a decimal number [01,12].
%M	Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
%f	显示毫秒
%p	Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.
%S	Second as a decimal number [00,61].
%U	Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
%w	Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].
%W	Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
%x	Locale’s appropriate date representation.
%X	Locale’s appropriate time representation.
%y	Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].
%Y	Year with century as a decimal number.
%z	Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59].
%Z	Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists).
%%	A literal '%' character.

 

 时间转换

 

time模块

import time
start_time = time.perf_counter() # 获取到程序计时器，常用于获取两个指令之间的耗时
time_tp = time_dt.timetuple()    # datetime转tuple
time_ts = time.mktime(time_tp) # tuple转timestamp
# 日期字符串 转成  时间戳
# string_2_struct = time.strptime("2016/05/22","%Y/%m/%d") #将 日期字符串 转成 struct时间对象格式
# time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime())  #将本地时间转为字符串
# #
# struct_2_stamp = time.mktime(string_2_struct) #将struct时间对象转成时间戳
# print(struct_2_stamp)

#将时间戳转为字符串格式 
# print(time.gmtime(time.time()-86640)) #将utc时间戳转换成struct_time格式,将时间戳转换为UTC时区（0时区）的struct_time,所以跟现在的时区可能不一致
# print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.gmtime()) ) #将utc struct_time格式转成指定的字符串格式
# print(time.clock()) #返回处理器时间,3.3开始已废弃 , 改成了time.process_time()测量处理器运算时间,不包括sleep时间,不稳定,mac上测不出来
# print(time.altzone)  #返回与utc时间的时间差,以秒计算\
# print(time.asctime()) #返回时间格式"Fri Aug 19 11:14:16 2016",
# print(time.localtime()) #返回本地时间 的struct time对象格式
# print(time.gmtime(time.time()-800000)) #返回utc时间的struc时间对象格式
# print(time.asctime(time.localtime())) #返回时间格式"Fri Aug 19 11:14:16 2016",
# print(time.ctime()) #返回Fri Aug 19 12:38:29 2016 格式, 同上，也可以将timestamp快速转为字符串格式：time.ctime(mytime)

　　

　　

datatime模块

import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f+0800') # 将时间快速转换为想要的格式字符串
print(datetime.datetime.now()) #返回 2016-08-19 12:47:03.941925
print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()) )  # 时间戳直接转成日期格式 2016-08-19
print(datetime.datetime.now())  # 当前时间

c_time  = datetime.datetime.now()
print(c_time.replace(minute=3,hour=2)) #时间替换

(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(**{'days':-a})).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") #带有变量的时间设定

datetime.date 的用法
now = datetime.date.today()    
datetime.date(2018, 10, 12)  # 不带time,也没有时区

　　

　　

时间加减

import datetime

print(datetime.datetime.now())  # 当前时间
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=-1)) # 当前时间-1天
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(3)) #当前时间+3天
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(-3)) #当前时间-3天
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=3)) #当前时间+3小时
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)) #当前时间+30

　　

　 

random模块

随机数

import random
random.randrange(1,5)    产生1-5 之间的随机数 1,2,3,4
random.uniform()            产生一个浮点的随机数
random.randint(10,100） 从10-100产生一个整数
random.choice(['2323','gf','32']) 给定序列产生一个元素
chars = random.choice(string.letters+string.digits) 产生一对随机的字符和数字

 

 

生成随机验证码

import random
checkcode = ''
for i in range(4):
    current = random.randrange(0,4)
    if current != i:
        temp = chr(random.randint(65,90))
    else:
        temp = random.randint(0,9)
    checkcode += str(temp)
print checkcode

random