本文记录ADG搭建操作步骤，首先在虚拟机CentOS中安装并配置好oracle 11g R2（具体安装步骤在我的另一篇博客中），然后拷贝一份虚拟机，修改新虚拟机的主机名和ip配置，这时候主库和备库是一模一样的，降低后面配置adg的难度，下面开始ADG的搭建了。
1：主库上检查主库数据库是否启用了强制日志模式并启用归档，如果不是，则启用强制日志模式并开启日志归档。
SQL> select name, log_mode, force_logging from v$database;
NAME LOG_MODE FORCE_
------------------ ------------------------ ------
ORCL NOARCHIVELOG NO
未启用强制日志模式，需要启用，另外，可以看到日志模式是非归档模式，这个也要修改成归档模式。
启用强制日志：
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
开启归档模式（需要重启实例至mount状态）：
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes
Fixed Size 2217912 bytes
Variable Size 641730632 bytes
Database Buffers 180355072 bytes
Redo Buffers 6627328 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
检查一下归档是否已开启：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 87
Next log sequence to archive 89
Current log sequence 89
2：在主库创建密码文件，将密码文件拷贝至备机。
[oracle@apollo ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@apollo dbs]$ ll
total 24
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Mar 3 2019 hc_DBUA0.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Feb 27 20:12 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Mar 3 2019 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Jan 11 16:17 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Feb 27 20:12 spfileorcl.ora
可以看到已经有密码文件了orapworcl，可以再强制重新生成下：
[oracle@apollo dbs]$ orapwd file=orapworcl password=123456 force=y
force=y表示强制覆盖有的密码文件，接下来将密码文件SCP拷贝至备机：
[oracle@apollo dbs]$ scp orapworcl oracle@10.211.55.101:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl
oracle@10.211.55.101's password:
orapworcl 100% 1536 2.3MB/s 00:00
3：主库上创建standby redolog日志组。
standby redo log日志组数量=（每个实例日志组个数+1）*实例数
查询一下当前实例日志组个数：
SQL> select thread#,group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;
THREAD# GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ---------------
1 1 50
1 2 50
1 3 50
当前实例日志组个数为3，所以需要至少需要创建（3+1）*1=4组standby redolog，大小均为50M。
查看当前的日志组及其成员：
SQL> col member for a50
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
---------- --------------------------------------------------
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
新建4个standby redolog日志组，编号从4开始：
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo04.log' size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo05.log' size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo06.log' size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo07.log' size 50M;
Database altered.
再看日志组成员情况：
SQL> set pagesize 100
SQL> col member for a60
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile order by group#;
GROUP# MEMBER
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo04.log
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo05.log
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo06.log
7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo07.log
7 rows selected.
查询结果显示添加成功。
4:修改主库和备库监听文件，设置静态监听。
主库的listener.ora文件改成：
[oracle@apollo dbs]$ cd ../network/admin/
[oracle@apollo admin]$ cat listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME= orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME=orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.211.55.100)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
备库的listener.ora文件：
[oracle@neptune admin]$ cat listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME= orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME=orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.211.55.101)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
主库和备库的监听文件listener.ora按照上面改好后，重启监听服务：
重启主库的监听：
[oracle@apollo admin]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-FEB-2020 21:12:01
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@apollo admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-FEB-2020 21:12:09
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/apollo/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.211.55.100)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 27-FEB-2020 21:12:09
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/apollo/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.211.55.100)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
重启备库的监听：
[oracle@neptune admin]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-FEB-2020 21:12:52
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@neptune admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-FEB-2020 21:13:00
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/neptune/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.211.55.101)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 27-FEB-2020 21:13:00
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/neptune/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.211.55.101)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
5：编辑主库和备库的网络服务名tnsname.ora文件。
主库的：
备库的：
即主库和备库的tnsnames.ora文件是一模一样的。
配好后，tnsping一下对方，看是否通的：
主库tnsping备库：
[oracle@apollo admin]$ tnsping STANDBY
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-FEB-2020 21:23:39
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.211.55.101)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = orcl)))
OK (0 msec)
备库tnsping主库：
[oracle@neptune admin]$ tnsping PRIMARY
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-FEB-2020 21:26:01
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.211.55.100)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = orcl)))
OK (10 msec)
6：修改主库的pfile文件。
查看主库spfile文件位置：
SQL> show parameter spfile;
NAME TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
spfile string
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora
创建一个pfile用于修改：
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
去修改创建的pfile文件：
[oracle@apollo admin]$ cd /$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@apollo dbs]$ ls
hc_DBUA0.dat hc_orcl.dat init.ora initorcl.ora lkORCL orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@apollo dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
编辑后的文件内容如下（红框部分为新增）：
orcl.__db_cache_size=180355072 orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216 orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304 orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=289406976 orcl.__sga_target=545259520 orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0 orcl.__shared_pool_size=322961408 orcl.__streams_pool_size=8388608 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='orcl' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032 *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)' *.memory_target=834666496 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.fal_client='PRIMARY' *.fal_server='STANDBY' *.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PRIMARY,STANDBY)' *.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arc valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=PRIMARY' *.log_archive_dest_2='service=STANDBY lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=STANDBY' *.standby_file_management='AUTO' *.db_unique_name='PRIMARY'