www.swack.cn - 原文链接：Centos7 密钥对登陆（适用于群晖DSM）
1.生成证书
此处证书使用swack用户生成
注：不要使用root生成证书，因为我们后面会禁用root登陆
| [swack@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -C "swack_test" Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/swack/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/home/swack/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/swack/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/swack/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:BRidXhVBsAYWEt73wp8KzQa52vXLMKyvyEpuV8NGd44 swack_test The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ | +==o.+=o | | ..+oo.. | | ....= | | o... | | oS.o+. | | =Eo.. | | . oo.O o | | o...+ = * | | .oo+ +oo +. | +----[SHA256]-----+ |
执行完毕后，会在用户home目录生成.ssh目录，其下生成两个证书文件
- 公钥文件：.ssh/id_rsa.pub
- 密钥文件：.ssh/id_rsa
2.配置ssh
修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 可以配置ssh的相关参数（需要root权限）
| [root@localhost swack]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config |
为了使得系统安全性进一步提高，我们做一下更改
- 修改默认ssh的默认端口22到8022（此处端口可自定义）
- 禁用密码认证进制
- 禁止root权限登陆
- 使用密钥对登陆
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
Port 8022
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none
# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
#LoginGraceTime 2m
PermitRootLogin no
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
PubkeyAuthentication yes
# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication no
# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes
# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes
#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#UseDNS yes
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none
# no default banner path
#Banner none
# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS
# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server
此处如下修改：
- Port 8022
- PasswordAuthentication no
- PermitRootLogin no
- PubkeyAuthentication yes
重启ssh服务
| [root@localhost swack]# systemctl restart sshd.service |
2.配置公钥
在.ssh目录，新建一个文件
- 证书验证文件：.ssh/authorized_keys
将公钥证书文件写到证书验证文件里
| [swack@localhost ~]$ touch .ssh/authorized_keys [swack@localhost ~]$ cat /home/swack/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /home/swack/.ssh/authorized_keys [swack@localhost ~]$ cat .ssh/authorized_keys ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAA... swack_test |
注：这里需要把允许登陆的centos7服务的终端的公钥id_rsa.pub添加到authorized_keys文件中
3.设置 .ssh 目录权限
| [swack@localhost ~]$ chmod -R 700 .ssh [swack@localhost ~]$ chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys |
4.测试登陆（基于windows 10）
需要生成客户本地主机的公钥，并把密钥写入服务器的authorized_keys文件中
ssh登陆
此处使用的工具是GitBash
下载地址：WinSCP-5.15-Setup.exe
使用 ssh -p 8022 swack@192.168.241.3 登陆
sftp登陆
此处我们使用的工具是WinSCP
下载地址：Git-2.15.1.2-64-bit.exe
在WinSCP的高级设置里选择密钥文件