ios之Block研究 - 爱码网

Block的好处，我总结了下主要有2点：1.用于回调特别方便，2.可以延长对象的作用区域。但是，Block的内存管理这个模块一直不是很清楚，这个周末好好的看了下Block的原理，有些许心得。

为了性能，默认Block都是分配在stack上面的，所以它的作用区域就是当前函数。

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int i = 1024;
    void (^blk)(void) = ^ {
        printf("%d\n", i);
    };
    blk();
    return 0;
}

在blk这个block里面是不能修改i的。Why？我们可以通过clang看看编译器处理后的这块代码

struct __main_block_impl_0 {
  struct __block_impl impl;
  struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
  int i;
  __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, int _i, int flags=0) : i(_i) {
    impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
    impl.Flags = flags;
    impl.FuncPtr = fp;
    Desc = desc;
  }
};
static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
  int i = __cself->i; // bound by copy

        printf("%d\n", i);
    }

static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
  unsigned long reserved;
  unsigned long Block_size;
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0)};
int main()
{
    int i = 1024;
    void (*blk)(void) = (void (*)(void))&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, i);
    ((void (*)(struct __block_impl *))((struct __block_impl *)blk)->FuncPtr)((struct __block_impl *)blk);
    return 0;
}

struct __block_impl是Block的一个内部结构体，原型是

struct __block_impl {
  void *isa;
  int Flags;
  int Reserved;
  void *FuncPtr;
};

每个block都有个默认的构造函数

__main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, int _i, int flags=0) : i(_i) 所以只能读取i,而不能修改i，当你试图修改它时，编译器就在预处理阶段直接报错。

只要在i前加__Block变量就可以在Block里面修改i值了，此时由值类型变为引用类型

struct __main_block_impl_0 {
  struct __block_impl impl;
  struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
  int *i;
  __main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, int *_i, int flags=0) : i(_i) {
    impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
    impl.Flags = flags;
    impl.FuncPtr = fp;
    Desc = desc;
  }
};
static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
  int *i = __cself->i; // bound by copy

        printf("%d\n", (*i));
    }

static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
  unsigned long reserved;
  unsigned long Block_size;
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0)};
int main()
{
    static int i = 1024;
    void (*blk)(void) = (void (*)(void))&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, &i);
    ((void (*)(struct __block_impl *))((struct __block_impl *)blk)->FuncPtr)((struct __block_impl *)blk);
    return 0;
}

上面的代码块是将int i的类型修改为__Block int i = 1024;后编译器生成代码块，可以看到__main_block_impl_0中的 i类型已经改变为int *，所以我们可以修改它的值。

所以只要没对Block进行copy操作，它一直存在stack里面。不管是否有__block修饰符

要想延长Block的作于域，我们可以对它进行copy操作，apple提供的接口是Block_Copy()方法

/* Copy, or bump refcount, of a block.  If really copying, call the copy helper if present. */
static void *_Block_copy_internal(const void *arg, const int flags) {
    struct Block_layout *aBlock;
    const bool wantsOne = (WANTS_ONE & flags) == WANTS_ONE;

    //printf("_Block_copy_internal(%p, %x)\n", arg, flags);    
    if (!arg) return NULL;
    
    
    // The following would be better done as a switch statement
    aBlock = (struct Block_layout *)arg;
    if (aBlock->flags & BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE) {
        // latches on high
        latching_incr_int(&aBlock->flags);
        return aBlock;
    }
    else if (aBlock->flags & BLOCK_IS_GC) {
        // GC refcounting is expensive so do most refcounting here.
        if (wantsOne && ((latching_incr_int(&aBlock->flags) & BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK) == 1)) {
            // Tell collector to hang on this - it will bump the GC refcount version
            _Block_setHasRefcount(aBlock, true);
        }
        return aBlock;
    }
    else if (aBlock->flags & BLOCK_IS_GLOBAL) {
        return aBlock;
    }

    // Its a stack block.  Make a copy.
    if (!isGC) {
        struct Block_layout *result = malloc(aBlock->descriptor->size);
        if (!result) return (void *)0;
        memmove(result, aBlock, aBlock->descriptor->size); // bitcopy first
        // reset refcount
        result->flags &= ~(BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK);    // XXX not needed
        result->flags |= BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE | 1;
        result->isa = _NSConcreteMallocBlock;
        if (result->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) {
            //printf("calling block copy helper %p(%p, %p)...\n", aBlock->descriptor->copy, result, aBlock);
            (*aBlock->descriptor->copy)(result, aBlock); // do fixup
        }
        return result;
    }
    else {
        // Under GC want allocation with refcount 1 so we ask for "true" if wantsOne
        // This allows the copy helper routines to make non-refcounted block copies under GC
        unsigned long int flags = aBlock->flags;
        bool hasCTOR = (flags & BLOCK_HAS_CTOR) != 0;
        struct Block_layout *result = _Block_allocator(aBlock->descriptor->size, wantsOne, hasCTOR);
        if (!result) return (void *)0;
        memmove(result, aBlock, aBlock->descriptor->size); // bitcopy first
        // reset refcount
        // if we copy a malloc block to a GC block then we need to clear NEEDS_FREE.
        flags &= ~(BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE|BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK);   // XXX not needed
        if (wantsOne)
            flags |= BLOCK_IS_GC | 1;
        else
            flags |= BLOCK_IS_GC;
        result->flags = flags;
        if (flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) {
            //printf("calling block copy helper...\n");
            (*aBlock->descriptor->copy)(result, aBlock); // do fixup
        }
        if (hasCTOR) {
            result->isa = _NSConcreteFinalizingBlock;
        }
        else {
            result->isa = _NSConcreteAutoBlock;
        }
        return result;
    }
}

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