java线程并发控制：ReentrantLock Condition使用详解

本文摘自：http://outofmemory.cn/java/java.util.concurrent/lock-reentrantlock-condition

java的java.util.concurrent.locks包内有Condition接口，该接口的官方定义如下：

Condition factors out the Object monitor methods (wait, notify and notifyAll) into distinct objects to give the effect of having multiple wait-sets per object, by combining them with the use of arbitrary Lock implementations. Where a Lock replaces the use of synchronized methods and statements, a Condition replaces the use of the Object monitor methods.

Conditions (also known as condition queues or condition variables) provide a means for one thread to suspend execution (to "wait") until notified by another thread that some state condition may now be true. Because access to this shared state information occurs in different threads, it must be protected, so a lock of some form is associated with the condition. The key property that waiting for a condition provides is that it atomically releases the associated lock and suspends the current thread, just like Object.wait.

我们通过一个实际的例子来解释Condition的用法：

我们要打印1到9这9个数字，由A线程先打印1，2，3，然后由B线程打印4,5,6，然后再由A线程打印7，8，9. 这道题有很多种解法，现在我们使用Condition来做这道题（使用Object的wait，notify方法的解法在这里）。

代码：

package cn.outofmemory.locks;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class App {
    static class NumberWrapper {
        public int value = 1;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //初始化可重入锁
        final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        
        //第一个条件当屏幕上输出到3
        final Condition reachThreeCondition = lock.newCondition();
        //第二个条件当屏幕上输出到6
        final Condition reachSixCondition = lock.newCondition();
        
        //NumberWrapper只是为了封装一个数字，一边可以将数字对象共享，并可以设置为final
        //注意这里不要用Integer, Integer 是不可变对象
        final NumberWrapper num = new NumberWrapper();
        //初始化A线程
        Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //需要先获得锁
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    System.out.println("threadA start write");
                    //A线程先输出前3个数
                    while (num.value <= 3) {
                        System.out.println(num.value);
                        num.value++;
                    }
                    //输出到3时要signal，告诉B线程可以开始了
                    reachThreeCondition.signal();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    //等待输出6的条件
                    reachSixCondition.await();
                    System.out.println("threadA start write");
                    //输出剩余数字
                    while (num.value <= 9) {
                        System.out.println(num.value);
                        num.value++;
                    }

                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }

        });


        Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    lock.lock();
                    
                    while (num.value <= 3) {
                        //等待3输出完毕的信号
                        reachThreeCondition.await();
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
                try {
                    lock.lock();
                    //已经收到信号，开始输出4，5，6
                    System.out.println("threadB start write");
                    while (num.value <= 6) {
                        System.out.println(num.value);
                        num.value++;
                    }
                    //4，5，6输出完毕，告诉A线程6输出完了
                    reachSixCondition.signal();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }

        });


        //启动两个线程
        threadB.start();
        threadA.start();
    }
}

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