C++——namespace

scope就是我们常说的作用域，namespace是C++引入的一个关键字。这两种都和作用域有些微妙的联系，下面引自Global scope vs global namespace的回答很好解释了这两个概念。

In C++, every name has its scope outside which it doesn't exist. A scope can be defined by many ways : it can be defined by namespace, functions, classes and just { }.

So a namespace, global or otherwise, defines a scope. The global namespace refers to using ::, and the symbols defined in this namespace are said to have global scope. A symbol, by default, exists in a global namespace, unless it is defined inside a block starts with keyword namespace, or it is a member of a class, or a local variable of a function:
int a; //this a is defined in global namespace
       //which means, its scope is global. It exists everywhere.

namespace N
{
     int a;  //it is defined in a non-global namespace called `N`
             //outside N it doesn't exist.
}
void f()
{
   int a;  //its scope is the function itself.
           //outside the function, a doesn't exist.
   {
        int a; //the curly braces defines this a's scope!
   }
}
class A
{
   int a;  //its scope is the class itself.
           //outside A, it doesn't exist.
};
Also note that a name can be hidden by inner scope defined by either namespace, function, or class. So the name a inside namespace N hides the name a in the global namspace. In the same way, the name in the function and class hides the name in the global namespace. If you face such situation, then you can use ::a to refer to the name defined in the global namespace:
int a = 10;

namespace N
{
    int a = 100;

    void f()
    {
         int a = 1000;
         std::cout << a << std::endl;      //prints 1000
         std::cout << N::a << std::endl;   //prints 100 
         std::cout << ::a << std::endl;    //prints 10
    }
}

我们说的global scope用符号表示的话就是::，C++中具名namespace，可以说是把global scope进行了划分。除此之外class，function，{ }都是划分scope的方式。

关于namespace几点建议

在命名空间的最后注释出命名空间的名字。

// .h 文件
namespace mynamespace {

// 所有声明都置于命名空间中
// 注意不要使用缩进
class MyClass {
    public:
    ...
    void Foo();
};

} // namespace mynamespace

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