WCF包括了:
- 服务契约
- 数据契约
- 操作契约
一,服务契约:
步1:指定一个接口为服务契约,让其暴露(用接口而不用类的好处是为了:1,松耦合2,一个类有多个不同的操作)
[ServiceContract (Name = "MyWCFEndPoint" ,Namespace="MyServerNameSpace") ]
public interface IService1
{
[OperationContract (Name="GetServiceData" )]//这些面指定Name都是为了和客户端的低耦合性(服务端发生变化而不改客户端)
string GetData( [ MessageParameter( Name ="_ServiceValue")]int value);//这里的Name和上面一样的作用
//[OperationContract]把这个操作契约去掉不在客户端显示
//[return: MessageParameter(Name = "MyReturnValue")]这个不是很明白乍么用
CompositeType GetDataUsingDataContract(CompositeType composite);
}
接口的实现(下面只是做了简单的实现)
Service1 : IService1
{
public string GetData(int value) { return string.Format("You entered: {0}", value); }
public CompositeType GetDataUsingDataContract(CompositeType composite)
{
if (composite.BoolValue) { composite.StringValue += "Suffix"; }
return composite;
}
}
接下来就是配置服务器的Endpoint (下面给出两种宿主的配置方法) ,当然可以用代码来写,这将在以后讲到
Web.config(用IIS作为宿主),如果用VS2008新加一个WCF application的话会自动用这种配置方式,且帮你配置好
<system.serviceModel>
<services>
<service name="myWCFService.Service1" behaviorConfiguration="myWCFService.Service1Behavior">
<!-- 这里配置了一个子路径为ABC的endpoint 如果要访问这个契约的话 那么要指明全路径+ "\ABC"
比如 把 Service1.svc的路径是http://localhost:49206/Service1.svc那么当在客户端指定时就要写成
<endpoint address="http://localhost:49206/Service1.svc/ABC" binding="wsHttpBinding" .../> -->
<endpoint address="ABC" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="myWCFService.IService1">
<identity>
<dns value="localhost"/>
</identity>
</endpoint>
<endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/>
</service>
</services>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="myWCFService.Service1Behavior">
<!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment -->
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/><!--该值指示是否发布服务元数据以便使用 HTTP/GET 请求进行检索-->
<!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information -->
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
App.config(用WinForm / console作为宿主) + ServiceHost
<configuration>
<system.serviceModel>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="serviceBehavior">
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<services>
<service name="BusinessServices.ServiceA" behaviorConfiguration="serviceBehavior">
<host>
<baseAddresses>
<add baseAddress="http://localhost:8000"/><!--基地址 ,这里指定此主机访问的方法这将会让主机开启8000口进行监听 -->
</baseAddresses>
</host>
<!-- 客户端完整的URI是: <endpoint address="http://localhost:8000/ServiceA" binding="basicHttpBinding" .../> -->
<endpoint address="ServiceA" contract="BusinessServiceContracts.IServiceA" binding="basicHttpBinding" />
<!-- 公开服务的元数据 IMetadataExchange契约 绑定协议 mexHttpBinding -->
<endpoint contract="IMetadataExchange" binding="mexHttpBinding" address="mex" />
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
上面主机其实是一个ServiceHost 类:(下面是MSDN的一句原话)
当您没有使用 Internet 信息服务 (IIS) 或 Windows 激活服务 (WAS) 公开服务时，请使用 ServiceHost 类来配置和公开服务以供客户端应用程序使用