【python自动化第三篇：python入门进阶】
- 集合及其操作
- 文件操作
- 函数与函数式编程
- 递归
一.集合及其操作
集合(set)：把不同的元素组成一起形成集合，是python基本的数据类型。下面是set的基本操作：
关系测试：
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#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- #set_1 = set([123,345,678]) #创建setl1 = [11,22,33,44,55]
l2 = [33,44,55,66]
l1_s = set(l1) #将列表转换成set
l2_s = set(l2)
#####关系测试#交集：取出两者相同的部分print(l1_s.intersection(l2_s))
print(l1_s & l2_s)
#并集：两者合并起来去重print(l1_s.union(l2_s))
print(l1_s | l2_s)
#差集：两者之间一方有而另一方没有的print(l1_s.difference(l2_s))
print(l1_s - l2_s)
#子集 or 父集：两者有相互包含的关系，如果我中有你也就是说你是我的子集，返回True,反之为falseprint(l1_s.issubset(l2_s)) #子集判断
print(l1_s.issuperset(l2_s)) #父集判断
#对称差集：去除交集之后剩下的集合元素print(l1_s.symmetric_difference(l2_s))
print(l1_s ^ l2_s)
#二者是否有交集print(l1_s.isdisjoint(l2_s)) #返回True表示二者无交集，False表示有交集
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基本操作：
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#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- l1_s = set([123,456,891,22,33])
#add操作：单独添加一个集合元素的操作（集合也是无序的）l1_s.add(888)
print(l1_s)
#update操作：添加多个集合元素l1_s.update([333,1243,45,2332])
print(l1_s)
#remove()操作：删除其中的一项l1_s.remove(45)
print(l1_s)
#len操作：确定元素个数print(len(l1_s))
#in操作：成员判断操作"x" in l1_s
"x" not in l1_s
#pop操作：删除任意的一个,并返回删除的元素print(l1_s.pop())
#discard操作：和remove不同的一点在于：discard在指定删除不存在的元素时不会报错(返回None)，然而remove会报错print(l1_s.discard("sdadasd"))
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二.文件操作
文件的操作过程要注意到：文件的代开，文件的读取，文件的写入和创建以及到最后的追加和关闭操作
文件实例
Somehow, it seems the love I knew was always the most destructive kind 不知为何，我经历的爱情总是最具毁灭性的的那种 Yesterday when I was young 昨日当我年少轻狂 The taste of life was sweet 生命的滋味是甜的Somehow, it seems the love I knew was always the most destructive kind 不知为何，我经历的爱情总是最具毁灭性的的那种 Yesterday when I was young 昨日当我年少轻狂 The taste of life was sweet 生命的滋味是甜的 As rain upon my tongue 就如舌尖上的雨露 I teased at life as if it were a foolish game 我戏弄生命 视其为愚蠢的游戏 The way the evening breeze 就如夜晚的微风 May tease the candle flame 逗弄蜡烛的火苗 The thousand dreams I dreamed 我曾千万次梦见 The splendid things I planned 那些我计划的绚丽蓝图 I always built to last on weak and shifting sand 但我总是将之建筑在易逝的流沙上 I lived by night and shunned the naked light of day 我夜夜笙歌 逃避白昼赤裸的阳光 And only now I see how the time ran away 事到如今我才看清岁月是如何匆匆流逝 Yesterday when I was young 昨日当我年少轻狂 So many lovely songs were waiting to be sung 有那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱 So many wild pleasures lay in store for me 有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受 And so much pain my eyes refused to see 还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见 I ran so fast that time and youth at last ran out 我飞快地奔走 最终时光与青春消逝殆尽 I never stopped to think what life was all about 我从未停下脚步去思考生命的意义 And every conversation that I can now recall 如今回想起的所有对话 Concerned itself with me and nothing else at all 除了和我相关的 什么都记不得了 The game of love I played with arrogance and pride 我用自负和傲慢玩着爱情的游戏 And every flame I lit too quickly, quickly died 所有我点燃的火焰都熄灭得太快 The friends I made all somehow seemed to slip away 所有我交的朋友似乎都不知不觉地离开了 And only now I'm left alone to end the play, yeah 只剩我一个人在台上来结束这场闹剧 Oh, yesterday when I was young 噢 昨日当我年少轻狂 So many, many songs were waiting to be sung 有那么那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱 So many wild pleasures lay in store for me 有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受 And so much pain my eyes refused to see 还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见 There are so many songs in me that won't be sung 我有太多歌曲永远不会被唱起 I feel the bitter taste of tears upon my tongue 我尝到了舌尖泪水的苦涩滋味 The time has come for me to pay for yesterday 终于到了付出代价的时间 为了昨日 When I was young 当我年少轻狂 As rain upon my tongue 就如舌尖上的雨露 I teased at life as if it were a foolish game 我戏弄生命 视其为愚蠢的游戏 The way the evening breeze 就如夜晚的微风 May tease the candle flame 逗弄蜡烛的火苗 The thousand dreams I dreamed 我曾千万次梦见 The splendid things I planned 那些我计划的绚丽蓝图 I always built to last on weak and shifting sand 但我总是将之建筑在易逝的流沙上 I lived by night and shunned the naked light of day 我夜夜笙歌 逃避白昼赤裸的阳光 And only now I see how the time ran away 事到如今我才看清岁月是如何匆匆流逝 Yesterday when I was young 昨日当我年少轻狂 So many lovely songs were waiting to be sung 有那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱 So many wild pleasures lay in store for me 有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受 And so much pain my eyes refused to see 还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见 I ran so fast that time and youth at last ran out 我飞快地奔走 最终时光与青春消逝殆尽 I never stopped to think what life was all about 我从未停下脚步去思考生命的意义 And every conversation that I can now recall 如今回想起的所有对话 Concerned itself with me and nothing else at all 除了和我相关的 什么都记不得了 The game of love I played with arrogance and pride 我用自负和傲慢玩着爱情的游戏 And every flame I lit too quickly, quickly died 所有我点燃的火焰都熄灭得太快 The friends I made all somehow seemed to slip away 所有我交的朋友似乎都不知不觉地离开了 And only now I'm left alone to end the play, yeah 只剩我一个人在台上来结束这场闹剧 Oh, yesterday when I was young 噢 昨日当我年少轻狂 So many, many songs were waiting to be sung 有那么那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱 So many wild pleasures lay in store for me 有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受 And so much pain my eyes refused to see 还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见 There are so many songs in me that won't be sung 我有太多歌曲永远不会被唱起 I feel the bitter taste of tears upon my tongue 我尝到了舌尖泪水的苦涩滋味 The time has come for me to pay for yesterday 终于到了付出代价的时间 为了昨日 When I was young 当我年少轻狂呵呵呵呵呵呵呵呵呵！！！！