【MySQL】MySQL基础操作语句

　　mysql基础操作语句，包括数据库的增、删、切换，以及表的增、删、改、查、复制。

 

创建数据库

mysql> create database tem;

 

使用数据库

mysql> use tem;

 

删除数据库

mysql> drop database drop_test;

 

创建数据表

• student表

mysql> CREATE  TABLE  student (
    -> id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,
    -> name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,
    -> sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,
    -> birth  YEAR,
    -> department  VARCHAR(20) ,
    -> address  VARCHAR(50)
    -> );

 

• 创建score表

mysql> CREATE  TABLE  score (
    -> id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,
    -> stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,
    -> c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,
    -> grade  INT(10)
    -> );

 

插入表数据

• student表

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 001,\'RooneyMara\', \'F\',1985,\'Psychology\', \'American\');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 002,\'ChrisHemsworth\', \'M\',1983,\'CS\', \'Australia\');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 003,\'EllenPage\', \'F\',1987,\'Music\', \'Canada\');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 004,\'TomHolland\', \'M\',1996,\'CS\', \'England\');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 005,\'ScarlettJohansson\', \'F\',1984,\'Music\', \'American\');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 006,\'BenedictCumberbatch\',\'M\',1976,\'Psychology\', \'England\');

 

• score表

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,001, \'Psychology\',98);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,001, \'Music\', 80);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,002, \'Psychology\',65);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,002, \'CS\',88);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,003, \'CS\',95);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,004, \'Psychology\',70);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,004, \'Music\',92);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,005, \'Music\',94);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,006, \'Psychology\',90);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,006, \'Music\',85);

 

查询表数据

查询student表中的全部数据

mysql> select * from student;

 

查询student表的第3条到5条记录

mysql> select * from student limit 2,3;　

 

查询student表的所有学生的id、name和department信息

mysql> select id,name,department from student;

 

 

查询student表中department为CS和Music的学生信息

mysql> select * from student where department in (\'CS\',\'Music\');

 

 

查询student表中年龄为23~32岁的学生信息

mysql> select id,name,sex,2019-birth as age,department,address
    -> from student
    -> where 2019-birth between 23 and 32;

 

查询student表中每个department有多少人

mysql> select department,count(id) from student group by department;

 

查询score表中每个科目(c_name)的最高分(grade)

mysql> select c_name,max(grade) from score group by c_name;

 

查询‘RooneyMara’的科目（c_name）和成绩（grade）

mysql> select c_name,grade from score
    -> where stu_id=(select id from student where name=\'RooneyMara\');

 

查询所有学生的信息和考试信息（用连接的方式）

mysql> select student.id,name,sex,birth,department,address,c_name,grade
    -> from student,score
    -> where student.id=score.stu_id;

 

计算每个学生的总成绩

mysql> select student.id,name,sum(grade) from student,score
    -> where student.id=score.stu_id
    -> group by id;

 

计算每个考试科目的平均成绩

mysql> select c_name,avg(grade) from score group by c_name;

 

查询Psychology成绩低于95的学生信息

mysql> select * from student
    -> where id in (
    -> select stu_id from score
    -> where c_name=\'Psychology\' and grade<95);

 

查询同时参加Psychology和CS考试的学生的信息

方法1：

mysql> select * from student
    -> where id =any
    -> (select stu_id from score where stu_id in
    -> (select stu_id from score where c_name=\'Psychology\')
    -> and c_name=\'CS\');

 

方法2：

mysql> select a.* from student a,score b,score c
    -> where a.id=b.stu_id
    -> and b.c_name=\'Psychology\'
    -> and a.id=c.stu_id
    -> and c.c_name=\'CS\';

 

将Psychology考试成绩按从高到低进行排序

mysql> select stu_id ,grade from score where c_name=\'Psychology\'
    -> order by grade desc;

 

查询student表和score表中学生的学号（id），然后合并查询结果

mysql> select id from student union select stu_id from score;

 

查询name中开头字母是“R”或者“E”的同学的姓名（name）、院系（department）和考试科目（c_name）及成绩（grade）

mysql> select student.id,name,sex,birth,department,address,c_name,grade
    -> from student,score
    -> where (name like \'R%\' or name like \'E%\')
    -> and student.id=score.stu_id;

 

查询address都是England的学生的姓名（name）、年龄、院系（department）和考试科目（c_name）及成绩（grade）

mysql> select student.id,name,sex,2019-birth as age,department,address,c_name,grade
    -> from student,score
    -> where address=\'England\'
    -> and student.id=score.stu_id;

 

删除表数据

mysql> delete from score where id=10;

 

更新表数据

mysql> update score set c_name=\'CS\' where id=11;

 

复制表格式

1.查看数据表的完整结构

mysql> show create table student;

 

2. 修改数据表名，并执行SQL语句

mysql> CREATE TABLE `clone_student` (
    ->   `id` int(10) NOT NULL,
    ->   `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    ->   `sex` varchar(4) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   `birth` year(4) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   `department` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   `address` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    ->   UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

 

复制表数据

mysql> insert into clone_student(id,name,sex,birth,department,address)
    -> select id,name,sex,birth,department,address from student;