C#-dynamic参考

dynamic 类型的作用是绕过编译时类型检查，改为在运行时进行解析。 dynamic 类型简化了对 COM API（例如 Office Automation API）、动态 API（例如 IronPython 库）和 HTML 文档对象模型 (DOM) 的访问。

因此，dynamic 类型只在编译时存在，在运行时则不存在。

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        dynamic dyn = 1;
        object obj = 1;

        // Rest the mouse pointer over dyn and obj to see their
        // types at compile time.
        System.Console.WriteLine(dyn.GetType());
        System.Console.WriteLine(obj.GetType());
    }
}

dynamic 关键字可以直接出现，也可以作为构造类型的组件在下列情况中出现：

• 下面的类定义在多个不同的声明中使用 dynamic。

class ExampleClass
{
    // A dynamic field.
    static dynamic field;

    // A dynamic property.
    dynamic prop { get; set; }

    // A dynamic return type and a dynamic parameter type.
    public dynamic exampleMethod(dynamic d)
    {
        // A dynamic local variable.
        dynamic local = "Local variable";
        int two = 2;

        if (d is int)
        {
            return local;
        }
        else
        {
            return two;
        }
    }
}

• 在显式类型转换中，作为转换的目标类型。

static void convertToDynamic()
{
    dynamic d;
    int i = 20;
    d = (dynamic)i;
    Console.WriteLine(d);

    string s = "Example string.";
    d = (dynamic)s;
    Console.WriteLine(d);

    DateTime dt = DateTime.Today;
    d = (dynamic)dt;
    Console.WriteLine(d);

}
// Results:
// 20
// Example string.
// 7/25/2018 12:00:00 AM

• 例如，可以在下列表达式中使用 dynamic。

int i = 8;
dynamic d;
// With the is operator.
// The dynamic type behaves like object. The following
// expression returns true unless someVar has the value null.
if (someVar is dynamic) { }

// With the as operator.
d = i as dynamic;

// With typeof, as part of a constructed type.
Console.WriteLine(typeof(List<dynamic>));

// The following statement causes a compiler error.
//Console.WriteLine(typeof(dynamic));

示例

Main 方法也将编译时类型检查与运行时类型检查进行了对比。

using System;

namespace DynamicExamples
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ExampleClass ec = new ExampleClass();
            Console.WriteLine(ec.exampleMethod(10));
            Console.WriteLine(ec.exampleMethod("value"));

            // The following line causes a compiler error because exampleMethod
            // takes only one argument.
            //Console.WriteLine(ec.exampleMethod(10, 4));

            dynamic dynamic_ec = new ExampleClass();
            Console.WriteLine(dynamic_ec.exampleMethod(10));

            // Because dynamic_ec is dynamic, the following call to exampleMethod
            // with two arguments does not produce an error at compile time.
            // However, itdoes cause a run-time error. 
            //Console.WriteLine(dynamic_ec.exampleMethod(10, 4));
        }
    }

    class ExampleClass
    {
        static dynamic field;
        dynamic prop { get; set; }

        public dynamic exampleMethod(dynamic d)
        {
            dynamic local = "Local variable";
            int two = 2;

            if (d is int)
            {
                return local;
            }
            else
            {
                return two;
            }
        }
    }
}
// Results:
// Local variable
// 2
// Local variable