一、作业需求： 1、用户组的增删改查 2、用户增删该查 - 添加必须是对话框 - 删除必须是对话框 - 修改，必须显示默认值 3、比较好看的页面 二、博客地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/catepython/p/9682884.html 三、运行环境 操作系统：Win10 Python：3.6.4rcl Pycharm：2017.3.4 四、功能实现 1、完成了后台登录UI、数据交互（判断与验证）接口 2、搭建配置Django框架 3、后台管理整体页面布局 4、用户管理模块相关功能的实现 5、对用户信息通过后台对数据库操作实现了增删改查 五、测试 1、对各UI的跳转进行功能测试 2、对用户数据的数据接口测试 3、编辑框中对用户输入的信息做了验证和判断 六、备注 通过此次学习和实践 1、掌握了Django框架基础知识 2、对后台页面布局更加的熟练 3、也熟练运用掌握了ORM操作
一、相关知识
1、Django请求生命周期 -> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 返回用户字符串 -> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 打开一个HTML文件，读取内容 2、创建django projcet django-admin startproject mysite .. mysite mysite - 配置文件 - url.py - settings.py cd mysite python manage.py startapp cmdb mysite mysite - 配置文件 - url.py - settings.py cmdb - views.py - admin.py - models.py # 创建数据库表 3、配置 模板路径 静态文件路径 # CSRF 4、编写程序 a. url.py /index/ -> func b. views.py def func(request): # 包含所有的请求数据 ... return HttpResponse('字符串') return render(request, 'index.html', {''}) retrun redirect('URL') c. 模板语言 return render(request, 'index.html', {'li': [11,22,33]}) {% for item in li %} <h1>{{item}}</h1> {% endfor %} *********** 索引用点 ********** <h2> {{item.0 }} </h2> 一、路由系统，URL 1、url(r'^index/', views.index), url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()), 2、url(r'^detail-(\d+).html', views.detail), 3、url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html', views.detail) PS: def detail(request, *args,**kwargs): pass 实战： a. url(r'^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html', views.detail), def func(request, nid, uid): pass def func(request, *args): args = (2,9) def func(request, *args, **kwargs): args = (2,9) b. url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html', views.detail) def func(request, nid, uid): pass def funct(request, **kwargs): kwargs = {'nid': 1, 'uid': 3} def func(request, *args, **kwargs): args = (2,9) 4、 name 对URL路由关系进行命名， ***** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL ***** url(r'^asdfasdfasdf/', views.index, name='i1'), url(r'^yug/(\d+)/(\d+)/', views.index, name='i2'), url(r'^buy/(?P<pid>\d+)/(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.index, name='i3'), def func(request, *args, **kwargs): from django.urls import reverse url1 = reverse('i1') # asdfasdfasdf/ url2 = reverse('i2', args=(1,2,)) # yug/1/2/ url3 = reverse('i3', kwargs={'pid': 1, "nid": 9}) # buy/1/9/ xxx.html {% url "i1" %} # asdfasdfasdf/ {% url "i2" 1 2 %} # yug/1/2/ {% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %} # buy/1/9/ 注： # 当前的URL request.path_info 5、多级路由 project/urls.py from django.conf.urls import url,include from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r'^cmdb/', include("app01.urls")), url(r'^monitor/', include("app02.urls")), ] app01/urls.py from django.conf.urls import url,include from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^login/', views.login), ] app02/urls.py from django.conf.urls import url,include from django.contrib import admin from app02 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^login/', views.login), ] 6、默认值（欠） 7、命名空间（欠） 二、视图 1、获取用户请求数据 request.GET request.POST request.FILES PS: GET:获取数据 POST:提交数据 2、checkbox等多选的内容 request.POST.getlist() 3、上传文件 # 上传文件,form标签做特殊设置 obj = request.FILES.get('fafafa') obj.name f = open(obj.name, mode='wb') for item in obj.chunks(): f.write(item) f.close() 4、FBV & CBV function base view url.py index -> 函数名 view.py def 函数(request): ... ====》 /index/ -> 函数名 /index/ -> 类 ====》 建议：两者都用 5、装饰器 欠 三、模板 四、ORM操作 select * from tb where id > 1 # 对应关系 models.tb.objects.filter(id__gt=1) models.tb.objects.filter(id=1) models.tb.objects.filter(id__lt=1) 创建类 a. 先写类 from django.db import models # app01_userinfo class UserInfo(models.Model): # id列，自增，主键 # 用户名列，字符串类型，指定长度 username = models.CharField(max_length=32) password = models.CharField(max_length=64) b. 注册APP INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'app01', ] c. 执行命令 python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate d. ********** 注意 *********** Django默认使用MySQLdb模块链接MySQL 主动修改为pymysql，在project同名文件夹下的__init__文件中添加如下代码即可： import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb() 1. 根据类自动创建数据库表 # app下的models.py python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate 字段： 字符串类型 数字 时间 二进制 自增（primary_key=True） 字段的参数： null -> db是否可以为空 default -> 默认值 primary_key -> 主键 db_column -> 列名 db_index -> 索引 unique -> 唯一索引 unique_for_date -> unique_for_month unique_for_year auto_now -> 创建时，自动生成时间 auto_now_add -> 更新时，自动更新为当前时间 # obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).update(caption='CEO') # obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).first() # obj.caption = "CEO" # obj.save() choices -> django admin中显示下拉框，避免连表查询 blank -> django admin是否可以为空 verbose_name -> django admin显示字段中文 editable -> django admin是否可以被编辑 error_messages -> 错误信息欠 help_text -> django admin提示 validators -> django form ,自定义错误信息（欠） 创建 Django 用户：python manage.py createsuperuser 2. 根据类对数据库表中的数据进行各种操作 一对多： a. 外检 b. 外键字段_id c. models.tb.object.create(name='root', user_group_id=1) d. userlist = models.tb.object.all() for row in userlist: row.id row.user_group_id row.user_group.caption
二、程序结构图
三、效果图
四、数据结构
五、核心代码
cmdb/views 主代码逻辑
from django.shortcuts import render from django.shortcuts import redirect from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse from cmdb import models from django.views import View # Create your views here. def login(request): ''' 用户登录接口 :param request: :return: ''' mesg = "" if request.method == "POST": user = request.POST.get("user",None) password = request.POST.get("password",None) print(user,password) result = models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_name = user,password=password).first() if result: return redirect('/cmdb/home') else: mesg = "用户名和密码不匹配" return render(request,'登录.html',{"error_mesg":mesg}) def home(request): ''' 后台管理接口 :param request: :return: ''' return render(request,'后台管理.html') def user_info(request): ''' 用户管理接口 :param request: :return: ''' if request.method == "POST": text = request.POST.get("text",None) if str(text).isdigit(): #判断text内容是否为整数， 如果是整数就用户ID搜索，如果是字符串就用户名搜索 text = int(text) obj = models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=text).all() return render(request, "user_info.html", {"obj": obj}) else: obj = models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_name__icontains=text).all() return render(request, "user_info.html",{"obj":obj}) else: obj = models.User_admin.objects.all() return render(request, "user_info.html",{"obj":obj}) def user_detail(request,nid): ''' 用户详情管理接口 包括用户信息编辑 :param request: :param nid: :return: ''' if request.method == "POST": user = request.POST.get("username",None) pwd = request.POST.get("pwd",None) email = request.POST.get("email", None) model = request.POST.get("model", None) type = request.POST.get("type", None) group = request.POST.get("group", None) print(user,pwd,email,model,type,group) models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=nid).update(user_name=user, password=pwd,email=email,model=model, type=type,user_group_id=group) return redirect('/cmdb/user_info-%s'%nid) else: row = models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=nid).first() return render(request, "user_detail.html",{"row": row}) class User_Delete(View): ''' 删除用户接口 ''' def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): result = super(User_Delete,self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs) return result def post(self,request,nid): models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=self.kwargs['nid']).delete() return redirect('/cmdb/user_info') def get(self,request,nid): models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=self.kwargs['nid']).delete() return redirect('/cmdb/user_info') class User_Insert(View): ''' 添加用户接口 ''' def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): result = super(User_Insert,self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs) return result def post(self,request): user = request.POST.get("username", None) pwd = request.POST.get("pwd", None) email = request.POST.get("email", None) model = request.POST.get("model", None) type = request.POST.get("type", None) group = request.POST.get("group", None) print(user, pwd, email, model, type, group) models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name=user,password=pwd,email=email,model=model,type=type,user_group_id=group) return redirect('/cmdb/user_insert') def get(self,request): obj = models.User_admin.objects.all() return render(request, "user_insert.html", {"obj": obj}) def rom(request): # models.User_Group.objects.create(group_name="CEO",shop_id=1002) # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="alex",password = "admin",email='alex@163.com') # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="kyo", password="admin1") # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="Mary", password="root") # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="admin-2", password="admin2") # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="j-product", password="product") # models.User_Group.objects.create(group_name="QA",shop_id=1002) return HttpResponse("Rom")
cmdb/models 数据操作
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User_admin(models.Model): ''' user_admin表数据操作 ''' user_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) user_name = models.CharField(max_length=32) password = models.CharField(max_length=64) email = models.EmailField(max_length=64) model = models.IntegerField(null=True) type_choices = ( (1,"黄金VIP用户"), (2, "VIP用户"), (3, "普通用户"), ) type = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choices,default=3) user_group = models.ForeignKey('User_Group',to_field="group_id",on_delete=models.CASCADE,default=1) #外键关联user_group表 create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class User_Group(models.Model): ''' user_group表数据操作 ''' group_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) group_name = models.CharField(max_length=64) shop_id = models.IntegerField(null=True) create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)